Introduction to Security – A Hypervisor and the Virtual Machine
Introduction to Security
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A Hypervisor and the Virtual Machine
Throughout this course, you should do most of your work on a virtual machine. A virtual machine (VM) is
a software computer that, like a physical computer, runs an operating system and applications. Say that your
laptop runs macOS, you can run a version of Windows as a virtual machine (the “guest”) on top of macOS (the
“host”). The value of using a virtual machine is logically separation between machines. Theoretically, a virtual
machine is isolated from the host. That is, mistakes made on a guest (e.g., malware) will not escape to host
–with a few exceptions including file sharing between host and virtual machine. To run a virtual machine, you
will need a hypervisor, also known as a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM). Hypervisors also provide a very handy
feature: taking snapshots of running virtual machine, and rolling back to a snapshot when necessary (i.e., when
mistakes are made).
Instructions
1. Download a hypervisor software. Options:
VirtualBox (https://www.virtualbox.org/): Free and
open source
VMware Fusion for macOS or VMware Workstation for Windows or Linux: Despite being a commercial product,
VMware is known for its performance and features. You can get a free one year license via S at https://vmap-tufts.onthehub.com/WebStore/Welcome.aspx
Other hypervisor software options include Parallels for macOS (commercial), and QEMU (free and open source).
2. Download a premade 64-bit VM for hypervisor you chose from https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vm-vmware-virtualbox-image-download/
This VM has installed as well as the tools that you will be using for this class (e.g., Wireshark,
nmap, ettercap, etc). Files and actions done inside the VM will stay persistent inside of the VM unlike the live
ISO option where everything is saved to RAM.
3. In either VirtualBox or VMware, open the OVA file that you downloaded.
In VirtualBox: File > Import Appliance…
In VMware: File > Open
Why is using a M not mandatory for this class and thus strongly recommended? (notice: I wrote “you
should do most of your work on a virtual machine”)
Accessibility. For students who are visually impaired, using a virtual machine can be very difficult.
Not all students have a capable laptop. Sometimes due to financial reasons, some students use Chromebooks.
The tools required for this course can be installed natively on macOS, Windows, and Linux.
Performance. Sometimes, using a VM can be very slow. A VM also do not use native drivers (e.g., for
networking).
Troubleshooting
The problem: you receive the following error in VMware or something similar in VirtualBox:
Binary translation is incompatible with long mode on this platform. Long mode will be disabled in this virtual environment and applications requiring long mode will not function properly as a result. See http://vmware.com/info?id=152 for more details.
This virtual machine is configured for 64-bit guest operating systems. However, 64-bit operation is not possible.
or This host supports Intel VT-x, but Intel VT-x is disabled.
The solution: You have to enable virtualization on your computer’s BIOS.
tl;dr Searching for “enable virtualization on [insert your computer model here]” can be very helpful because the
steps are often different for different computer models. It will likely involve turning off the computer,
turning it on while holding a key (e.g. the escape key), and then switching a menu item.
On many machines, how you get into your computer’s BIOS is this:
Restart your computer.
Within *the first few seconds of boot* on your computer, press a key. F2 or ESC are common.
Go to System Configuration > Device Configuration or similar
Check the enable VT-x
More: https://superuser.com/questions/593973/this-virtual-machine-is-configured-for-64-bit-guest-operating-systems-however
On newer machines and Windows 10, the process may be different: http://www.dell.com/support/article/us/en/19/sln143038/access-uefi–bios–system-setup-from-windows-on-your-dell-system
VM Update Notes on April 27, 2020
Because is updated often, I have decided to no longer maintain a custom VM as it makes
more sense to download and use VM from the official source.
VM Update Notes on May 8, 2019
Performed dist-upgrade
VM Update Notes on July 10, 2018
Performed dist-upgrade
Installed tshark
VM Update Notes on March 2, 2018
Updated archive-keyring (https://twitter.com/nicomast31/status/968796252660891648)
Updated all installed software packages (complete dist-upgrade)
Installed python-pcapy
Downgraded VM to make it accessible to older versions of VMware
References
http://www.howtogeek.com/66734/htg-explains-what-is-a-hypervisor/
https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/9011/does-a-virtual-machine-stop-malware-from-doing-harm
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