Chapter 10: Device Discovery, Management, and Maintenance
Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
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Chapter 10 – Sections & Objectives
§ 10.1 Device Discovery
• Use discovery protocols to map a network topology.
§ 10.2 Device Management
• Configure NTP and Syslog in a small to medium-sized business
network
§ 10.3 Device Maintenance
• Maintain router and switch configuration and IOS files.
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10.1 Device Discovery
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Device Discovery
Device Discovery with CDP
§ CDP Overview
• Cisco Discovery Protocol
• Neighbor discovery of physically connected Cisco devices
§ Configure and Verify CDP • show cdp neighbors • show cdp interface • cdp run
• cdp enable
§ Discover Devices Using CDP
• Device identifiers – The host name of the neighbor device
• Port identifier – The name of the local and remote port
• Capabilities list – Whether the device is a router or a switch
• Platform – The hardware platform of the device
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Device Discovery
Device Discovery with LLDP
§ LLDP Overview
• A vendor neutral layer 2 neighbor discovery protocol, similar to CDP
§ Configure and Verify LLDP • show lldp
• lldp run
• lldp transmit
• lldp receive
§ Discover Devices Using LLDP
• show lldp neighbors
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10.2 Device Management
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Device Management Implement NTP
§ Setting the System Clock
• Manually configure the date and time
• Configure Network Time Protocol (NTP)
§ NTP Operation
• Hierarchical system of time sources
• Stratum 0 – Authoritative time source
• Stratum number indicates how far the server is from the time source
§ Configure and Verify NTP • ntp server ip-address • show ntp associations • show ntp status
• show clock Presentation_ID
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Device Management Syslog Operation
§ Introduction to Syslog
• Allows devices to send their messages to syslog server
• Supported by most networking devices
• Primary functions:
o log information
o select the type
o specify the destinations
§ Syslog Message Format
• Severity level from 0 – 7
• Facility – service identifiers
§ Service Timestamp
• Enhances real-time debugging and management
• service timestamps log datetime
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Device Management
Syslog Configuration
§ Syslog Server
• Parses the output and places the messages into pre-defined columns
• Timestamps are displayed if configured on networking devices that generated the log messages
• Allows the network administrators to navigate the large amount of data compiled on a syslog server.
§ Default Logging
• Send log messages of all severity level to the console • show logging
§ Router and Switch Commands for Syslog Clients
• logging ip-address
• logging trap level
• logging source-interface source-interface interface-number
§ Verifying Syslog
• show logging
• Use the pipe (|) to limit the amount of displayed log messages
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10.3 Device Maintenance
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Device Maintenance
Router and Switch File Maintenance
§ Router and Switch File Systems
• show file systems – lists all available file system • dir – lists the content of the file system
• pwd – verify the present working directory
• cd – changes the current directory
§Backing up and Restoring using Text Files
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Device Maintenance
Router and Switch File Maintenance (Cont.)
§ Backing up and Restoring using TFTP • copy running-config tftp
• copy startup-config tftp
§ Using USB Ports for Backing Up and Restoring • show file systems
• dir usbflash0:
• copy run usbflash0:/
§ Password Recovery
• Enter ROMMON mode
• Change configuration register to 0x2142
• Make changes to the original startup config
• Save the new configuration
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Device Maintenance
IOS System Files
§ IOS 15 System Image Packaging
• universalk9 images
• universalk9_npe images
• Technology packages: IP Base, Data, UC, SEC
• Data, UC, and SEC technology packages are activated through licensing
§ IOS Image Filenames
• Feature sets and version • show flash
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Device Maintenance
IOS Image Management
§ TFTP Servers as a Backup Location
• Backup location for IOS images and configuration files
§ Steps to Backup IOS Image to TFTP Server
• Verify access to TFTP server
• Verify sufficient disk space
• Copy the image to the TFTP server
o copy source-url tftp:
§ Steps to Copy an IOS Image to a Device
• Download IOS image from Cisco.com and transfer it to TFTP server
• Verify access to TFTP server from device
• Verify sufficient disk space on device
• Copy the image from the TFTP server
o copy tftp: destination-url
§ The boot system Command
• Command to load the new image during bootup • boot system file-url
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Device Maintenance Software Licensing
§ Licensing Process
• Purchase the software package or feature
to install
• Obtain a license
o Cisco License Manger
o Cisco License Portal
o Requires PAK number and UDI
show license udi
• Install the license
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o o
license install stored- location-url
reload
Device Maintenance
License Verification and Management
§ License verification • showversion
• showlicense
§ Activate an evaluation right-to-use license
• licenseacceptenduseragreement
• licensebootmodulemodule-nametechnology-packagepackage- name
§ Back up the license
• licensesavefile-sys://lic-location
§ Uninstall the license
• •
Disable the license
o license boot module module-name technology-package package- name disable
Clear the license
o license clear feature-name
o no license boot module module-name technology-package package-name disable
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10.4 Chapter Summary
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Chapter Summary Summary
§ CDP is a Cisco proprietary protocol for network discovery on the data link layer. It can share information, such as device names and IOS versions, with other physically connected Cisco devices.
§ LLDP is vendor-neutral protocol used on the data link layer for network discovery. The network devices advertise information, such as their identities and capabilities, to their neighbors.
§ NTP synchronizes the time of day among a set of distributed time servers and clients. This allows networking devices to agree on the time a specific event occurred, such as the loss of connectivity between a router and a switch.
§ Syslog messages can be trapped and sent to a syslog server where the network administrator can investigate when the link failed.
§ Device maintenance includes the tasks of backing up, restoring, and upgrading IOS images and configuration files from an TFTP server or using USB storage devices.
§ Upgrading an IOS image also includes tasks related to software licensing.
§ Understanding IOS image name conventions can be useful in the
determination of included IOS feature sets.
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