Aiding Africa: Disaster/disease relief plan
Gail McGovern, CEO of the American Red Cross, and the International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) have decided to proactively develop aid disbursement plans for Africa, which is often considered the most disease and disaster-prone continent. African communities suffer from lack of infrastructure, unstable government and inadequate resources to cope with natural and health related disasters. Gail McGovern has recently been briefed about the difficulties of assisting communities in Africa and has decided to assemble several plans of action. The memo documenting the action plans will be shared with potential donners to help raise funds for the IFRC.
Gail McGovern works with Tadateru Konoe, the President of the Board of Governors for the IFRC, to determine the necessary workers and supplies for assisting Africa. Tadateru Konoe has indicated that along with workers, equipment, food, fuel, and other supplies, aircraft, ships, and vehicles will be needed for transport. This can all be assembled and sent from two American cities with airfields and shipping ports: New York and Jacksonville, Florida. The aircraft and ships will transfer all workers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean to the African continent. The list of aircraft, ships, and vehicles being assembled and their characteristics are shown below (Table 1) and in the data file. All aircraft, ships, and vehicles can carry both workers and cargo. Once an aircraft or ship arrives in Africa, it stays there to support the workers.
Tadateru Konoe has been negotiating with the African countries for the last several weeks to use their ports and airfields as stops to refuel and resupply before heading deeper into Africa. The ports and airfields listed in Table 2 in the African countries will be made available to the IFRC. The team has determined that there are three strategic cities in the Africa: Niamey, Niger; Kosongo, D.R. of the Congo; and Ndjamena, Chad. Workers and cargo will be used both to support the cities and to disperse supplies across Africa.
All airplanes and ships will leave New York or Jacksonville, Florida. All ships that have traveled across the Atlantic must dock at one of the IFRC ports to unload. Trucks brought over in the ships will then carry workers and materials unloaded from the ships at the IFRC ports to the three strategic IFRC cities. All airplanes that have traveled across the Atlantic must land at one of the IFRC airfields for refueling. The planes will then carry some workers and cargo from the IFRC airfields to the three IFRC cities. Supplies and workers will be delivered to each IFRC port city, airfield city and strategic disbursement city according to the requirements listed in Table 4.
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1. Code a ¡°network map¡± showing the different routes workers and supplies may take to reach the African cities from the United States.
2. The IFRC and Gail McGovern do not know when the next disaster will occur so several plans will need to be designed. The first plan should be designed to enable workers and supplies to arrive at all the IFRC cities as quickly as possible. Gail McGovern refers to this as the ¡°cost is no object¡± plan¡ªas many airplanes, ships, and trucks as are necessary would be used to transfer workers and cargo from the United States to all nine cities. Therefore, no limitations exist on the number of workers and amount of cargo that can be transferred between any cities. Gail McGovern has been given the following information about the length of the available routes between cities (Table 3).
Given the distance (Table 3) and the speed of the transportation used (Table 1) between each pair of cities, how can Gail McGovern and the IFRC most quickly move workers from the United States to each of the nine IFRC cities? How long will it take workers and supplies to reach each city using the quickest route? Which routes appear to have significant time bottlenecks that the IFRC should work to reduce? Provide a table and/or network map indicating the quickest route and travel time between the United States and African cities on the network.
3. Gail McGovern and the IFRC want to develop a second plan, one that recognizes the cost of sending workers and supplies. They therefore decide that they need to find a way to get the needed workers and supplies to the nine cities at ¡°minimum cost¡±. Tadateru Konoe has worked with representatives from each IFRC city to determine the number of workers and supplies the city needs at a minimum. After analyzing the requests, Tadateru Konoe has converted the requests from numbers of workers, gallons of gasoline, etc., to tons of cargo for easier planning (Table 4). Both in New York and Jacksonville, Florida there are 500,000 tons of the necessary cargo available. When the United States decides to send a plane, ship, or truck between two cities, several costs occur¡ªfuel costs, labor costs, maintenance costs, and appropriate port or airfield taxes and tariffs (Table 3). Note, the costs of delivery are not uniform on a per mile basis due to differences of tax, tariff, and other costs (such as bribery) that vary by region.
The IFRC faces a number of restrictions when trying to satisfy the requirements. Supplies to Niamey, Niger can only arrive via air. The truck routes into Ndjamena, Chad are restricted so at most 840 trucks can be sent to Ndjamena, Chad from each port. Some African governments a r e sensitive about IFRC airplanes flying through their air space. The IFRC is restricted to at most 200 flights from Lusaka, Zambia to Ndjamena, Chad and to at most 200 flights from Khartoum, Sudan to Ndjamena, Chad.
How should the IFRC satisfy each African city¡¯s need requirements at minimum cost? Again, where are the significant bottlenecks in the system that the IFRC should work to reduce? Provide a table and/or network map highlighting the least cost route between the U.S. and African cities.
4. The IFRC has a rough estimate of the number of planes, ships, and trucks that will travel between the United States and Africa. Tadateru Konoe has contacted each of the American cities and IFRC countries to indicate the number of planes to expect at the airfields, the number of ships to expect at the docks, and the number of trucks to expect traveling across the roads. Unfortunately, Tadateru has learned that several additional restrictions exist which cannot be immediately eliminated. Because of airfield congestion and unalterable flight schedules, only a limited number of planes may be sent between any two cities (Table 5). In addition, because some countries fear that citizens will become alarmed if too many trucks travel the public highways, they object to having many trucks traveling through their countries. These objections mean that a limited number of trucks can travel between certain ports and African cities (Table 6). However, all shipping lanes have no capacity limits.
Gail and Tadateru realize that the additional restrictions will prevent the IRFC from satisfying all the supply requirements of the IFRC cities. They decide on a third plan to disregard cost and instead maximize the total amount of cargo to the IFRC cities.
How can the IFRC maximize the total amount of cargo that reaches Africa? Again, where are the significant bottlenecks in the system that the IFRC should work to reduce? Provide a table and/or network map highlighting the maximum cargo and routes between the U.S. and African cities.
Make sure to provide a brief introduction and summary of your findings in addition to discussing each of the three cases.
Table 1: Transport characteristics
Capacity
Type (tons) Speed (mph)
Airplane Ship Truck
150 400
240 35 17.7 50
Table 2: African destinations Ports Airfields
Dakar, Senegal Libreville, Gabon Luanda, Angola
Khartoum, Sudan Lusaka, Zambia Nairobi, Kenya
Table 3: City transport pairs, transport modes, distances and costs
From
New York, NY New York, NY New York, NY New York, NY New York, NY New York, NY Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Lusaka, Zambia Libreville, Gabon Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Luanda, Angola Dakar, Senegal Lusaka, Zambia Libreville, Gabon Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Luanda, Angola Dakar, Senegal Lusaka, Zambia Libreville, Gabon Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Luanda, Angola Dakar, Senegal
To
Lusaka, Zambia Libreville, Gabon Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Luanda, Angola Dakar, Senegal Lusaka, Zambia Libreville, Gabon Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Luanda, Angola Dakar, Senegal Niamey, Niger Niamey, Niger Niamey, Niger Niamey, Niger Niamey, Niger Niamey, Niger Kosongo, D.R. Kosongo, D.R. Kosongo, D.R. Kosongo, D.R. Kosongo, D.R. Kosongo, D.R. Ndjamena, Chad Ndjamena, Chad Ndjamena, Chad Ndjamena, Chad Ndjamena, Chad Ndjamena, Chad
Transport
Mode Distance (miles) Airplane 8098 Ship 6024 Airplane 8050 Airplane 7041 Ship 6526 Ship 4172 Airplane 7944 Ship 6329 Airplane 7961 Airplane 7084 Ship 6828 Ship 3924 Airplane 4070 Truck 1032 Airplane 2524 Airplane 2065 Truck 2916 Truck 1656 Airplane 746 Truck 1842 Airplane 1090 Airplane 1377 Truck 1389 Truck 4623 Airplane 2110 Truck 1415 Airplane 1768 Airplane 1200 Truck 2652 Truck 2725
Cost ($000)
50
30
55
45
30
32
57
48
61
49
44
56
24
3
28
22
3
5
22
4
25
19
5
5
23
7
2
4
8
9
Congo Congo Congo Congo Congo Congo
Table 4: Aid requirements
Requirements City (tons)
Dakar, Senegal Libreville, Gabon Luanda, Angola Khartoum, Sudan Lusaka, Zambia Nairobi, Kenya Niamey, Niger Kosongo, D.R. Congo Ndjamena, Chad
50000
100000
130000
90000
150000
120000
100000
180000
80000
Table 5: Air restrictions (question 4 only)
Max From To Airplanes
New York, NY New York, NY New York, NY Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, FL Lusaka, Zambia Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Lusaka, Zambia Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan Lusaka, Zambia Nairobi, Kenya Khartoum, Sudan
Lusaka, Zambia 300 Nairobi, Kenya 500 Khartoum, Sudan 500 Lusaka, Zambia 500 Nairobi, Kenya 700 Khartoum, Sudan 600 Niamey, Niger 200 Niamey, Niger 0 Niamey, Niger 300 Kosongo, D.R. Congo 140 Kosongo, D.R. Congo 40 Kosongo, D.R. Congo 80 Ndjamena, Chad 0 Ndjamena, Chad 300 Ndjamena, Chad 40
Table 6: Truck restrictions (question 4 only)
From To Max Trucks
Luanda, Angola Luanda, Angola Libreville, Gabon Libreville, Gabon Dakar, Senegal Dakar, Senegal
Kosongo, D.R. Congo 250 Ndjamena, Chad 240 Kosongo, D.R. Congo 300 Ndjamena, Chad 160 Kosongo, D.R. Congo 700 Ndjamena, Chad 450