Genetics and Medicine Exam Biology 1010
Name: ________________________________________________________ Studio section:_________
Instructions:
Please enter Last Name, First Name and your RIN on both, this page and in the bubbles of the Scantron sheet.
Multiple choice questions: Read each question carefully, looking at all the suggested answers. Select the best answer and mark it on the Scantron sheet using pencil. Check all your answers at least once to make sure you have chosen the best answer and marked the corresponding place on the form.
Essay questions: please use pen, and write clearly below each question.
Dengue fever
Is caused by infected birds
Is responsible for influenza
Is confined to the tropics because its non-human host cannot survive at low temperatures
Is spreading into temperate zones because of climate changes
Suppose you find in a forensic analysis that a crime sample matches all 14 of the standard DNA polymorphisms of a suspect. (That is, the genotype is exactly the same at all 14 standard polymorphic loci). To calculate the chance that this is a coincidence, i.e., the result of a random match, what information do you need?
Additional tests of more polymorphic loci
The entire DNA sequence of both the crime sample and the suspect.
The frequency of each of these polymorphic alleles in the population.
None of the above
Suppose you want to clone a bacterial gene in yeast. Which of the following steps do you NOT have to do?
Isolate mRNA from the bacteria
Mix the bacterial gene with vector DNA
Transform the yeast with recombinant DNA
Screen yeast cells for the bacterial gene sequence.
The concept of alleles has been extended to noncoding sequences in DNA, such as STR sequences. These alleles can be tracked in pedigrees and compared with ____________ in order to identify genes that cause disease.
records of crossing over
DNA sequences of normal genes
health records in the pedigree
All of the above
In the lac operon in E. coli, covered in class, suppose there is a mutation that completely deletes the operator sequence. In this mutant, which of the following characteristics would be found?
the cell cannot use lactose as nutritional source.
the cell is less efficient than normal at using glucose and lactose
the cell is always making enzymes for the utilization of lactose, even when no lactose is available
the cell is always making enzymes for the utilization of glucose, except when lactose is available
A sequence in a certain stretch of DNA is
5’P-AGTCCGG-3’OH.
The RNA transcribed from this template would therefore have the sequence
5’-TCAGGCC-3’OH
b. 5’-CCGGACU-3’OH
c. 5’-AGUGGCC-3’OH
_____________ is an example of post-translational modification of proteins
Insulin
Progesterone
Hemoglobin
Rubisco
8) Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5′ to 3′ direction?
because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing molecule
because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5′ end of the growing molecule
because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5′ to 3′ direction
because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5′ end
9) Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called
chromatin.
sister chromosomes.
sister chromatids.
nucleoli.
10) Which of the following enzymes is used by viruses and in biotechnology applications to synthesize DNA on an RNA template?
ligase
RNA polymerase
reverse transcriptase
DNA convertase
11) Which of the following statements about the treatment or prevention for a prion infection is true?
Antibiotic therapies such as penicillin are very effective cures.
High doses of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen reduce the symptoms of prion infections.
Preventative vaccines have recently been shown to be effective in preventing prion infections.
There is no known treatment or cure for prion infections.
12) In female mammals, the inactive X chromosome in each cell
can be activated if mutations occur in the active X chromosome.
is broken down, and its nucleotides are degraded and reused.
is absorbed and used in energy production.
is transcriptionally inactive.
13) The number of proteins in humans
is approximately equal to the number of genes.
cannot be determined because the human genome is too complex.
is less than half the number of genes.
is much greater than the number of genes.
The following information is needed to answer questions 14 and 15.
Four decades after the end of the Vietnam War, the remains of an Air Force pilot were discovered and returned to the United States. A search of Air Force records identified three families to which the remains might possibly belong. Each family had a surviving twin of a missing service member. The following STR profiles were obtained from the remains of the pilot and the surviving twins from the three families.
14) In order to match the pilot’s remains to the correct family using DNA profiling,
the majority of the STR bands must match.
each of the 13 STR bands must match.
the bands for site 13 must match.
bands 5 and 7 must match.
15) Based on analysis of the STR sites shown, does the missing pilot belong to any of these three families?
No, none of the families match.
Yes, family 1 matches.
Yes, family 2 matches.
Yes, family 3 matches.
16) Multiple alleles and codominance are found in
Huntingdon’s disease
macrophage (immune cells)
polio virus
red blood cell carbohydrates
17) The progress of eukaryotic cells through interphase of the cell cycle can be stopped at a certain check point when a cell will no longer divide. These cells will be in which phase of the cell cycle?
G1
G0
G2
Metaphase
18) Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome, and similar conditions are due to _____________. These occur with a frequency of 1 in ____________.
Point mutations; 100,000 of the corresponding genes
Deletion mutations; 100,000 of the corresponding genes
Chromosome number abnormalities; 1000 live births or more
Chromosome inversions; 10,000 live births in humans
19) In class we discussed multiple genes coding similar products, such as the globin genes, rubisco, and ribosomal RNA genes. Of these, which shows the greatest number of copies on the same chromosome, per cell?
None; they all exist in two copies, one per chromosome
Globin genes
Rubisco genes
Ribosomal RNA genes
20) DNA molecules are double stranded with specific nucleotide base pairs H-bonded through the nitrogenous bases. These H-bonding interactions are primarily responsible for holding the two DNA strands together. Which one of the combinations of nitrogenous bases listed below indicates the appropriate pairing that forms the specific H-bonds between the two strands of the DNA molecule?
Adenine with cytosine; guanine with thymine
Adenine with guanine; cytosine with thymine
Adenine with either cytosine or thymine; guanine with either cytosine or thymine
Adenine with thymine; guanine with cytosine
Essay questions:
Antithrombin III, a human anti-coagulant with important medical applications, can be manufactured in goat’s milk using recombinant DNA technology (illustrated in an in-class video). What are the advantages of using this methodology as compared to purification of the same protein from human blood serum samples/donations? (6 points)
The largest and the most frequent new disease outbreaks are recorded for Europe and North America. But the majority of new diseases arise by transfer of infectious agents from animals to people, in other locations often where people live in closer proximity to their farm animals- typically from rural and/or third world countries. How do you reconcile these two diverse observations concerning the source of an emerging infectious disease and the location of its greatest impact? (4 points)