FIT9132 Introduction to databases
Campbell Wilson Lindsay Smith Manoj Kathpalia
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Overview
• Moodle
• Unit guide
• Teaching Method (Peer Instruction)
• What are we going to learn this semester? And why?
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How does this unit work?
• Thepeerhelpsyouto understand the concepts.
• Youdiscussthe concepts.
• Thelecturerguidesthe discussion.
Peer Instruction
Prof Eric Mazur, Harvard University
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Typical Teaching Method
Lecture
First Exposure
Textbook Homework
Read Hard Stuff See if You Know Hard Stuff
Exam
Show Knowledge Mastery
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Peer Instruction – Full Picture
Homework
First Exposure: With resources and Feedback
Lecture
Learn Hard Stuff: With teacher and discussion
Lab
Exam
Q U I Z
Practice Knowledge Mastery
Show Knowledge Mastery
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Peer Instruction – During Lecture
Quiz questions
• Confirming “simple” concepts that you should
grasp from pre-lecture reading.
• No discussion.
• Individual vote.
• Noted by a red boundary on the slide.
Discussion questions
• Question that will stir your thoughts.
• More ”difficult” concepts.
• Will involve group discussion.
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Discussion Questions – Scenario
• Lecturer shows a question.
• Student answers using the response system. (no discussion – individual vote).
• Group discussion (2-3 students) – need to get a consensus.
• Student answers using the response system (group vote – everyone in the group still needs to vote).
• Class wide discussion.
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Why The Scenario? • Pose carefully designed question
– Solo vote: Think for yourself and select answer
• Making you to have an opinion to base your discussion
during the group discussion.
– Discuss: Analyze problem in teams of 2-3
• Practice analyzing, talking about challenging concepts
• Reach consensus
• If you have questions, raise your hand and the tutors or I will
come around
– Group vote: Everyone in group votes • You must all vote the same
• Convince your group or get convinced by your group. – Class wide discussion.
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Let’s Practice
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2+2+2=?
a. 4 b. 6 c. 3 d. 8
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If the following equations are true,
5 + 3 = 28 9 + 1 = 810 8 + 6 = 214 5 + 4 = 19
what is 3 + 2?
a. 5 b. 15 c. 11 d. 55
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You are not marked on getting a CORRECT answer.
You are marked on your participation (voting using the response system).
It is better to be WRONG and understand why you are WRONG, rather than, getting the RIGHT answer but NOT knowing WHY it is the RIGHT answer!
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Why Peer Instruction?
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UBC (Fall 2010)
Worst Outcome
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Best Outcome
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Things May Be Different… • Pre-lecture reading is crucial.
– Your lecture experience will depend on your preparation.
• My lecture slides are NOT your notes!
– Create your own notes during pre-lecture reading.
– Annotate difficult concepts, revisit the annotation after lecture/tutorials.
– It is better not to take notes during lecture. You should be prepared before the lecture and to think, discuss and ask questions during lectures.
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• How to prepare for exam?
– Your notes/annotated textbook
– Revise quiz questions
– Revise discussion questions
• Understand why an option is correct or incorrect.
– Revise tutorial exercises.
• Some details of concepts will be learned during tutorial class.
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Why a database unit?
• Own by an individual
• Produced by an individual
• No “crucial” data, important of
consistency and accuracy is not paramount.
NOSQL, Parallel databases, Distributed Processing (MapReduce)
Large transaction volume
• Own by an organisation. • Produced by business
RELATIONAL DATABASES transactions.
• Consistency and accuracy is paramount.
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Early Computers
IBM System/360
IBM
IMS DBMS
ARPANET
1950s 1961 1964 1966 1969
“Database”
Apollo 11
JFK
Moon Speech
Entity Relationship Data Model
Apple Macintosh
Relational Data Model
1970 1972 1974 Unix/C
1976 1978 1979 IPv4
1981 1984 IBM PC
SQL
Microsoft SQL Server
PostgresQL ORDBMS
SQL3
WWW
1985 1989 1991 1992 1995 1996 1997 1999
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Access
Hadoop/GFS MapReduce
Rise of NoSQL
IBM
IMS DBMS V14
2003 2004 2006 2009 2015 2016
Zettabyte Era
Rank DBMS Type Introduced
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
MS Access
commercial
Relational
open-source
Relational
commercial
Relational
open-source
Relational
open-source
NoSQL
commercial
Relational
open-source NoSQL
commercial
Relational
open-source Relational
open-source
NoSQL
1979
1995
1989
1996
2009
DB2
1983
2008
1992
2000
10
2009
Feb 17
Relational (what?)
Relational Model Theory
Relational Database
eg. University student database
Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)
Eg. Oracle
E.F “Ted” Codd
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Database Systems in Action End-Users View
network
Front end application (client)
Student Database is implemented in an Oracle DBMS (server)
Student database
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Database Systems in Action Developers View
network
Development environment (client, eg SQL Developer, Integrated Development Environment for web scripting )
Student Database (server)
Student database
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Developing Application with Database
S H A R E S
FRONT END
Web applications
Mobile Applications
BACK END
Database structure
SQL queries
Database integrity
Applications
In this unit, we will concentrate in building the back end. Database designer.
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Database Systems in FIT9132 hippo.its.monash.edu
Oracle DBMS
FITxxxx
FIT9132
FITxxx
Virtual Private Network
Monash network
SQL Developer
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Class Distribution on Prior Knowledge
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What did you study in your previous degree?
a. Arts/Languages
b. Fine Arts/Design/Architecture.
c. Engineering/Science
d. Business/Commerce.
e. Other.
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I have used this database system.
a. MySQL.
b. Oracle.
c. MS Access
d. SQL Server
e. I am not familiar with any database systems.
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Tutorial starts this week!
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