COMP30023 – Computer Systems
Introduction to Operating Systems
Copyright By PowCoder代写 加微信 powcoder
What do you associate with an operating system?
Operating systems
© University of Melbourne 2022
Graphical User Interface (GUI) or a command
line shell is not an operating system
© University of Melbourne 2022 3
Examples of Operating Systems
Graphical User Interface (GUI) or a command
line shell is not an operating system
© University of Melbourne 2022 4
Examples of Operating Systems
– One or more processors
– Main memory
– Printers
– Keyboard
– Network interfaces
– I/O devices
Components of a Modern Computer
© University of Melbourne 2022 5
– Provides an abstraction of hardware resources
– Manages these resources
© University of Melbourne 2022 6
Operating system (OS)
• Top down view
–Provide abstractions to application
• Bottom up view
–Manage pieces of complex system
• Alternative view
–Provide orderly, controlled allocation of
© University of Melbourne 2022 7
OS as a Resource Manager
Operating systems turn ugly hardware into beautiful
abstractions.
© University of Melbourne 2022
OS as an Extended Machine
History of Operating Systems
© University of Melbourne 2022 9
Driven by computer architecture
• The first generation (1945–55) vacuum tubes
• The second generation (1955–65) transistors and batch
• The third generation (1965–1980) integrated circuits and
multiprogramming
• The fourth generation (1980–present) personal computers
• The fifth generation (1990–present) mobile computers
Driven by computer architecture
• The first generation (1945–55) vacuum tubes
• The second generation (1955–65) transistors and batch
• The third generation (1965–1980) integrated circuits and
multiprogramming
• The fourth generation (1980–present) personal computers
• The fifth generation (1990–present) mobile computers
History of Operating Systems
© University of Melbourne 2022 10
History of Operating Systems
© University of Melbourne 2022 11
Driven by computer architecture
• The first generation (1945–55) vacuum tubes
• The second generation (1955–65) transistors and batch
• The third generation (1965–1980) integrated circuits and
multiprogramming
• The fourth generation (1980–present) personal computers
• The fifth generation (1990–present) mobile computers
Driven by computer architecture
• The first generation (1945–55) vacuum tubes
• The second generation (1955–65) transistors and batch
• The third generation (1965–1980) integrated circuits and
multiprogramming
• The fourth generation (1980–present) personal computers
• The fifth generation (1990–present) mobile computers
History of Operating Systems
© University of Melbourne 2022 12
• Mainframe Operating Systems
• Server Operating Systems
• Multiprocessor Operating Systems
• Personal Computer Operating Systems
• Handheld Computer Operating Systems
• Embedded Operating Systems
• Sensor Node Operating Systems
• Real-Time Operating Systems
• Smart Card Operating Systems
The Operating System Zoo
© University of Melbourne 2022 13
– Processes (running program)
– Address spaces (memory)
– Files and file system
– Input and Output
– Protection (manage security)
© University of Melbourne 2022 14
Operating system concepts
• Key concept in all operating systems
• Definition: a program in execution
• Process is associated with an address space
• Also associated with set of resources
• Process can be thought of as a container
–Holds all information needed to run
© University of Melbourne 2022 15
• A program is static; a process is dynamic.
• At any given time, the number of processes running a given
program can be 0, 1, 2, 3, …
• The state of a process consists of the code or “text” of the
program, the values of all the variables, both in memory
and in registers, the address of the current instruction, and
probably some other data as well (e.g. current directory).
• As an analogy, consider cooking:
• A recipe is a static entity; it is analogous to a program.
• The act of cooking is analogous to a process.
© University of Melbourne 2022
A typical memory hierarchy. The numbers are very
rough approximations.
© University of Melbourne 2022 17
TB 1-9. A typical memory hierarchy
Today: Operating system concepts, abstraction
Next lecture: processes and version control
© University of Melbourne 2022 18
• The slides were prepared by .
• Some of the images and content included in the notes were
supplied as part of the teaching resources accompanying
the text books listed in lecture 1.
• References: TB 1.1, 1.2, 1.5.1, 1.5.2
Acknowledgement
© University of Melbourne 2022 19
程序代写 CS代考 加微信: powcoder QQ: 1823890830 Email: powcoder@163.com