1. Cognition
1) Proximity: When things put close with other, user will feel them as a group. Closure: Users can complete the missing part in their mind.
Proximity Example Closure Example
2) First receive audio information through hearing, then processing the audio information, pay attention to it and put in memory.
3) Short-Term memory through rehearsal can become long-term memory. Learning is not just memorizing things, but also acquiring new knowledge or skill.
2. Usability & Accessibility
1) It is very important to make our web pages conform to W3C Web Access Guidelines to let blind people to access these pages using screen reader. It is not only ethical to let people with disability to access the web information, it can also help the website owners to gain more customers.
2) For common user interfaces, recognition is preferrable because it is easier than recall, but within context of expert interfaces, efficiency is more important than easy to use. Recall is more efficient under certain scenarios. For example, many programmers prefer console over GUI interface when doing their programming projects.
3) W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines’s advantage is that it covers many different situations, based on valid principles and have a relative wide range of support. The disadvantage is that it is complicated and complex.
3. Requirements & UCD
1) Functional requirements is about system’s tangible features and they specify what it should do. Whereas non-functional requirements specify how the system should do and they describe the system characteristics about performance such as efficiency and user experience.
2) It can make sure our design actual meets user needs, not skewed by designer’s subjective mind. It can help designer gain new insight in user’s perspective. The user may have a good idea that the designer is not aware of. The ultimate goal is to help our users with our products. If we didn’t consider user’s need, it may end up useless.
4. Prototyping
The user enters to starting screen.
After choose upload view, the system enters review page where he/she can choose the food to be rated, upload picture and give the rate.
Now he/she chooses to view all the reviews.
5. Evaluation in HCI
I will choose testing approach with questionnaires and interviews measures. Questionnaires and interviews are good way to get actual feedback from real people and give us insights into how people interact with our mobile app.
1) To balance cost and statistical accuracy, I will involve 1000 participants. And I will recruit women aged 50+ in different areas and industries.
2) I will use questionnaires. It is a way to get direct opinions from people, and
it is relative cheap.
3) No, I will not use open-ended questions. Because many answers to open-ended questions may not relevant to our testing and it is more suitable to use specific questions.
4) Because for the women aged 50+, buying fashion is not just about getting the desired product, it is also very important for them to have a delightful experience in the purchasing process.
5) It is important to get consent from the recruited customers, make sure their response is confidential and anonymous and legal is in place.
6 Data analysis
1) Categorical data has several categories, for example class subjects can belong to math, physics, english etc. Ordinal data also divided into categories, but unlike categorical data, it has a ordering for the categories. For example, weight can divided into light, medidum and heavy and they the categories have a order. Unlike discrete value like categorical or ordinal, continuous data’s value is continuous and may take on any value within a finite or infinite interval, not present as several categories.
2) a)
The median would provide the most accurate description of my data. Because the arithmetic mean is skewed by extreme value, for example grade 40 is much smaller than average. And the mode is also inaccurate, for example age’s mode is 13, but 13 is the smallest age. I will choose median for grade. Because arithmetic mean is impacted by extreme data (grade 40). I will also use median for age. The arithmetic mean and median for age are equal.
b) grade: Skewed age: Bimodal
arithmetic mean
median
mode
grade
70
75
80
age
14.5
14.5
13
c)
d)
Grade Age
variance
standard deviation
grade
220.0
14.83
age
1.85
1.36
The steps are: split the grades into female and male two groups, make hypotheses, estimate the p and t for the difference of the two groups¡¯ means and decide whether they are relevant. Statistical significance ensures that our conclusion doesn¡¯t happen by chance. t-test will be appropriate for the data.