(1)
VARIABLES LABELS \textsl{Ln(Patents)}
before3m \textsl{Before^{3-}} -0.395***
(0.113)
before2 \textsl{Before^{2}} 0.048
(0.157)
after1 \textsl{After^{1}} -0.132
(0.173)
after2 \textsl{After^{2}} 0.157
(0.190)
after3p \textsl{After^{3+}} 0.326**
(0.132)
ltotpop \textsl{Ln(Population)} 0.394***
(0.022)
urbratio \textsl{Urban ratio} 4.301***
(0.493)
stotratio \textsl{Slave ratio} -4.604***
(0.747)
whtotratio \textsl{White ratio} -3.354***
(0.744)
Constant Constant -3.993***
(0.525)
Observations 2,562
R-squared 0.885
State FE YES
Year FE YES
Cluster by Year YES
Robust standard errors in parentheses
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1