LECTURE 03
BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN PERSPECTIVES ON PERCEPTION PERCEPTION AND OBJECT RECOGNITION: INSIGHTS FROM THE BRAIN BRIDGING PERCEPTION TO OTHER COGNITIVE DOMAINS SKILLS: EXAM PREPARATION
PSYB57: INTRODUCTION TO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY | UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, SCARBOROUGH | PROF. MICHAEL SOUZA
Picture: Schacter’s Psychology (2nd ed)
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The “what” and “where/how” pathways
Faces are special?
The discovery of the fusiform face area (FFA) on the fusiform gyrus Kanwisher, McDermott & Chun (1997), J Neurosci, 17(11), 4302-11
Fusiform expertise area?
Gauthier, Tarr, Anderson, Skudlarski & Gore (1999), Nat Neurosci, 2(6), 568-73
Perception and object recognition
Perception as necessary but not sufficient for proper object recognition
Is it possible to see something properly but to no longer be able to identify it? The curious case of associative visual agnosia
Picture: Farah’s Visual Agnosia (2nd ed)
Perception and object recognition
Perception as necessary but not sufficient for proper object recognition
Is it possible to see something properly but to no longer be able to identify it? The curious case of associative visual agnosia
Visual form processing
Conceptual knowledge
Distinguishing it from other impairments
Homologs in other sensory modalities (e.g., auditory agnosia, asterognosis)
May be acquired or developmental
Picture: http://www.brainathlete.com/tag/prosopagnosia/ http://appsychtextbk.wikispaces.com/Limbic+System
Prosopagnosia
LECTURE 03
BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN PERSPECTIVES ON PERCEPTION PERCEPTION AND OBJECT RECOGNITION: INSIGHTS FROM THE BRAIN BRIDGING PERCEPTION TO OTHER COGNITIVE DOMAINS SKILLS: EXAM PREPARATION
PSYB57: INTRODUCTION TO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY | UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, SCARBOROUGH | PROF. MICHAEL SOUZA
The interface between perception and attention (1)
We are under the impression that we take in the world far more completely and accurately that we actually do (grand illusion of perception)
Limits in attentional resources severely restrict what we take in
Constructive visual experience (top-down)
This results in our missing very salient elements at times (consciousness)
The Door Study
e.g., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWSxSQsspiQ
Selective Attention Test
e.g., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo Picture: Simons & Levin (1998)
The interface of perception and attention (2)
Feature integration theory (1980)
Features are processed separately and in parallel by appropriate areas
Focused attention is needed for successful feature binding, conscious perception
Picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_integration_theory
The interface of perception and attention (3)
McGurk effect (1976)
The McGurk effect
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFPtc8BVdJk Picture: http://www.maniacworld.com/McGurk-Effect.html
The interface between perception and action Patient D.F. suffered ventral stream damage from carbon monoxide poisoning
How are actions affected with ventral stream impairment (i.e., visual agnosia)?
Gazzaniga’s Cog Neuro (3rd ed)
Goodale, Milner, Jakobson & Carey (1991), Nature, 349, 154-6
The interface of perception and emotion:
The unbelievable case of the Capgras delusion
A case where face perception is intact but the patient believes a familiar person is an imposter (i.e., you’re a fake – you’re not actually my mother!)
Physiological measurements (skin conductance) as a window into their experience
Dissociation of processes involved in familiar person recognition
Capgras’ delusion patient:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqBGzkz1oDU Ellis & Lewis (2001), Trends in Cog Sci, 5(4), 149-56.
Lecture objectives
To understand how environmental cues help us both segment objects and infer distance and depth;
To articulate the conceptual difference between bottom-up and top- down theories of perceptual processing, and to illustrate this distinction using multiple theories and/or examples, as appropriate;
To describe the difference between feature analysis and configurational analysis systems;
To understand and describe the role of the ventral stream of processing in object recognition using multiple pieces of evidence;
To apply the concepts from perception and object recognition to other cognitive functions (e.g., attention);
To critically consider a range of assessment strategy tools to that may be useful in this (and other) courses.
OTHER RELEVANT UTSC PSYCHOLOGY COURSES: PSYB51 (Introduction to Perception)
PSYC51 (Cognitive Neuroscience of Vision) PSYC56 (Music Cognition) PSYD51 (Curr Topics in Perception) PSYD54 (Curr Topics Visual Recognition)
GET INVOLVED IN PERCEPTION RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO!
UTSC RESEARCHERS: HTTP://WWW.UTSC.UTORONTO.CA/PSYCH/FACULTY
UTSG RESEARCHERS: HTTP://HOME.PSYCH.UTORONTO.CA/STAFF/UNDERGRAD.HTM
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