Food Microbiology & Safety
Helen Billman-Jacobe
Reading: Ray and Bhunia Ch 16
Hill, C., F. Guarner, et al. (2014). “Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.” Nat Rev 11(8): 506-514.
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Intended learning outcomes
Critically assess the factors that influence the likelihood of beneficial effects foods or supplements which claim to contain probiotics
Explain the strength and weaknesses of the scientific data about the effects of use of food or supplements containing probiotic bacteria
Ch 16 synopsis
Ch 16 synopsis
Probiotics
The word “probiotic” is derived from the Greek word meaning “for life.” Probiotics are defined as
live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on
(1) as fermented milk products, such as yogurt
(2) supplementation of foods and drinks with live cells
of one, two, or more types of probiotics, (3) as pharmaceutical products of live cells of a
monoculture or a mixture in the form of
tablets, capsules, granules, and freeze-dried sachets.
Ch 16 synopsis
Probiotics
The word “probiotic” is derived from the Greek word meaning “for life.” Probiotics are defined as
live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on
(1) as fermented milk products, such as yogurt
(2) supplementation of foods and drinks with live cells
of one, two, or more types of probiotics, (3) as pharmaceutical products of live cells of a
monoculture or a mixture in the form of
tablets, capsules, granules, and freeze-dried sachets.
Probiotics?
Inner Health Plus may:
– Aid in the maintenance of a normal healthy gastrointestinal system and digestive function.
– Be useful for the symptoms of bloating, gas or flatulence. – Aid in maintaining a normal healthy immune system.
– Help improve general wellbeing.
The new PROBIOTIC liquid laundry detergents with probiotics and unique ActiveProbiot ics technology were launched.
The new technology allows to prolong vitality, activity and other qualitative parameters of probiotic bacteria
GutRight is a ModbioticTM formulation. It is a concentrated form of naturally healthy modbiotic compounds that were once found in abundance in our traditional diet, which was loaded with skins, peels, seeds and fiber.
Formulated based on scientific evidence. This multi-action FODMAP friendly formula is specifically formulated to help relieve symptoms of medically diagnosed IBS.
Hill, C., F. Guarner, et al. (2014). “Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.” Nat Rev 11(8): 506-514.
Hill, C. et al. (2014) The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
Figure 1 Objectives of stakeholders in the probiotic field
Commensals vs probiotics
Opinion vs evidence
Body of research
Core benefit
Hill, C. et al. (2014) The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
Figure 2 Possible distribution of mechanisms among probiotics
Underlying mechanisms
Hill, C. et al. (2014) The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
Figure 3 Overall framework for probiotic products
Table 1 Categories of live microorganisms for human use as defined by the expert panel
Nutrition content claims and health claims are voluntary statements made by food businesses on labels and in advertising about a food. Standard 1.2.7 sets out the rules for food businesses choosing to make nutrition content claims and health claims.
FSANZ – nutrient content
Nutrition content claims are claims about the content of certain nutrients or substances in a food, such
as low in fat or good source of calcium. These claims will need to meet certain criteria set out in the Standard. For example, with a ‘good source of calcium’ claim, the food needs to contain at least the amount of calcium specified in the Standard.
FSANZ- Health claims
Health claims refer to a relationship between a food and health rather than a statement of content. There are two types of health claims:
General level health claims refer to a nutrient or substance in a food, or the food itself, and its effect on health. For example: calcium for healthy bones and teeth. They must not refer to a serious disease or to a biomarker of a serious disease.
High level health claims refer to a nutrient or substance in a food and its relationship to a serious disease or to a biomarker of a serious disease. For example: Diets high in calcium may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in people 65 years and over. An example of a biomarker health claim is: Phytosterols may reduce blood cholesterol.
FSANZ-food/medicine
In the Food Standards Code, if a yoghurt or fermented milk contains at least 108 cfu/g of the bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus a manufacturer may make a general level claim that the product improves lactose digestion for those individuals who have difficulty digesting lactose. This is called a pre-approved claim, and no other claims are currently allowed for products containing living organisms.
TGA- Food/medicine
Probiotics that are regulated as foods
Probiotic products that are clearly covered by a food standard, or that are traditionally used as foods in Australia or in the form they are presented in, are regulated as foods.
For example, yoghurt and yoghurt drinks are covered by Food Standard 2.5.3 for fermented milk products. Accompanying general level health claims for such products would be limited to lactose digestion covered by the nutrition, health and related claims set out in Food Standard 1.2.7. High level health claims need to be separately approved by FSANZ.
A probiotic that is not covered by a food standard or that is not traditionally used as a food in Australia or , however, is not automatically considered a therapeutic good.
Randomly selected products. Probiotic?
GutRight is a ModbioticTM formulation. It is a concentrated form of naturally healthy modbiotic compounds that were once found in abundance in our traditional diet, which was loaded with skins, peels, seeds and fiber.
A Modbiotic ® is a group of natural compounds including polyphenols that help to maintain a healthy diverse microbiome. Probiotics add certain strains but you may already have enough of those same kinds or other tougher ones that won’t allow the probiotics to stick around and grow. Prebiotics may indiscriminately feed your bugs. Modbiotics ® have a microbiome modifying effect
Randomly selected products. Probiotic?
Each capsule contains:
(NCFM) 12.5 Billion Live Bacteria. (Bi-07) 12.5 Billion Live Bacteria. Bovine Colostrum Powder 67mg.
Inner Health Plus may:
– Aid in the maintenance of a normal healthy gastrointestinal system and digestive function.
– Be useful for the symptoms of bloating, gas or flatulence. – Aid in maintaining a normal healthy immune system.
– Help improve general wellbeing.
Randomly selected products. Probiotic?
The new PROBIOTIC liquid laundry detergents with probiotics and unique ActiveProbiotics technology were launched.
The new technology allows to prolong vitality, activity and other qualitative parameters of probiotic bacteria
– it prevents from unpleasant odors in the washing machine, enriches natural microflora on fabrics and skin, immediately provides additional protection from multiplication of pathogenic bacteria
Randomly selected products. Probiotic?
Formulated based on scientific evidence. This multi-action FODMAP friendly formula is specifically formulated to help relieve symptoms of medically diagnosed IBS.
It contains five clinically trialled probiotic strains* providing 27 billion good bacteria, plus prebiotic FODMAP friendly fibre. It helps support digestive health and daily wellbeing
Waller et al Scand J Gastroenterol 2011 Sept 46191:1057-64 (effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on whole gut transit time)
Williams et al, Ailment Pharmacol Ther 2008 29:97-10
Participants were randomized to receive either a probiotic preparation comprising two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 (NCIMB 30157) and CUL21 (NCIMB 30156), Bifidobacterium lactis CUL34 (NCIMB 30172)
and Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 (NCIMB 30153) at a total of 2.5 × 1010 cfu/capsule or a placebo for 8 weeks. Participants reported their IBS symptoms using a questionnaire fortnightly during the intervention and at 2 weeks post-intervention.
Questions from textbook
1. Discuss the following terms with examples: indigenous bacteria, transient bacteria, beneficial bacteria, and undesirable bacteria in the GI tract of humans.
2. Experimental data do not always support the health benefits from the consumption of fermented foods and live cells of beneficial intestinal bacteria. If you are planning to conduct such a study, what are some of the experimental factors you should consider?
3. List the important characteristics of beneficial bacteria present in the GI tract.
4. List the factors that could adversely affect the presence of beneficial bacteria in the human GI tract.
5. What is lactose intolerance? Explain the possible mechanisms by which consumption of some fermented dairy products or live cells of beneficial intestinal bacteria can help overcome this problem.
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