INFT 3026 System Administration
Course Review
Course s
Week
Topic
Assessment
1
Course Overview
Introduction to Linux, Operating Systems
2
Working in Linux, Open Source Software and Licensing, Command Line Skills
3
Getting Help, Navigating the Filesystem
4
Understanding Computer Hardware, Virtualisation
5
Working with Text
6
Basic Scripting
Quiz 1
7
Managing Files and Directories, Archiving and Compression
8
Where Data is Stored, Network Configuration
Script exercise
9
System and User Security, Creating Users and Groups
Assignment report checkpoint
10
Ownership and Permissions, Special Directories and Files
11
Assessment Q&A
Quiz 2
12
MS Windows administration
Assignment demo
13
Review
Assignment presentation Assignment report
Introduction
• Introduction to Linux
– Learn the history of Linux and Unix
– Understand the parts of a Linux system – Start learning about Open Source
– Find out where Linux runs
• Open Source Applications and Licenses
– Understanding Desktop, Server, and Mobile Applications
– Introducing Development Languages and Package Management
Using Linux and Command Line Skills
• Using Linux
– Gain desktop skills
– Introduce the command line
– Learn about Linux in industry, cloud computing, and virtualization
• Linux Command Line Skills
– Understanding the basic shell
– Working with formatting commands and options
– Learn the effects of variables, globbing and quoting
• .bashrc and .zshrc
• whoami, uname, pwd
• echo, echo $PATH
• which date
• # echo – differences between “” and ”
• # back quote
• echo Today is `date`
• echo Today is $(date)
• echo Hello; echo Linux; echo Student
• history
• # key bindings: up, down, left, right, C-a, C-e, M-b, M-f
• # key bindings: C-r
Examples / Commands
Getting Help
Working with Files and Directories
• Help from Command Line
– Utilizing the man and info commands for finding more information
• Files and Directories
– Understanding Files and Directories including those that are hidden – Home Directory
– Properly utilizing absolute and relative paths
• man
• – controlling man page display – more, less
• – man page sections
• apropos and man -k
• whereis, locate
• home directory ~
• pwd
• /…
• ls: ls -a, ls -l (refer to netacad chap6 6.3.3)
• cp
• mv
• touch
• rm
• mkdir, cd, rmdir
Examples / Commands
Archiving Files
Pipes, Redirection and REGEX
• Archive and compression
– Using archiving and compression with files and directories – Lossy and loseless compression
• Searching and Extracting Data from Files – Piping and redirection
– Partial POSIX
• Lossy and loseless compression (e.g. mp4 and zip)
• gzip and bzip2
• tar
• zip
• Pipeline (|)
• i/o (stdin, stdout, stderr)
• i/o redirection (< > >> 2> 2>> &> &>>)
• /dev/null
• find
• less
• head, tail
• nl
• sort
• wc
• cut
• grep
• Basic REGEX (. [] * ^ $ ), Extended REGEX (? + |)
• xargs
Examples / Commands
• Shell scripts
– Basic Text Editing
– Basic Shell Scripting
– Shebang #!
– Variables
– if … elif … else …. fi – test
– case … esac
– for … done
– while … done
Scripting
#!/bin/bash
i=0
while [ $i -lt 10 ]; do
echo $i
i=$(( $i + 1 )) done
echo “Done counting”
Example
• Basic text editing and text editor
• Shebang #!
• Variables
• if … elif … else …. fi
• test
• case … esac
• for … done
• while … done
Shell script
• Computer hardware – Processor
– System information – Peripheral
– Boot manager
– Partition
– Graphics
– Memory management – Virtual Memory
• Commands – lscpu
– cat /proc/cpuinfo
– free
– sudo fdisk /dev/hda
Computer Hardware
Managing Packages and Processes
• Process and logs
– Understanding kernel and processes
– Logging utilities such as syslog, klog, and dmesg
• Package Management – apt
– rpm
• Virtualisation
– Virtual machine – Container
Network Configuration
• Network Configuration
– Working with the Internet, network, and routers – Domain Name Service
– Network configuration
• Command – ifconfig
– route
– ping and traceroute – netstat
– dig
• SSH
ssh -N -f -L localhost:9999:localhost:8888 myserver
System and User Security Managing Users and Groups
• Basic Security and Identifying User Types – Working with Root and Standard Users
– System Users
• Creating Users and Groups
– Understanding user and group commands – Creating User IDs
• Commands – /etc/passwd – /etc/shadow
– /etc/group
– id
– newgrp, chgrp
– su, sudo
– who,w
– groupadd,groupmod,groupdel – useradd,userdel
– passwd,chage
Examples / Commands
Ownership and Permissions
• Managing File Permissions and Ownership – File and directory permissions and owners
• Special Directories and Files
– Working with system files and libraries
– Understanding symbolic links and hard links
• ownership and permission ls
stat
chown
chmod id groups newgrp chgrp umask
• special permissions, links, file locations setuid (chmod u+s file and chmod u-s file) setgid (chmod g+s file and chmod g-s file) sticky bit (chmod o+t dir and chmod u-t dir) hard and symbolic links
filesystem
Windows Server
• Active Directory
– Active Directory is a database system that connects all of the individual machines on a network. It allows an administrator to control every computer on the network, as well as facilitates easier sharing of information between machines. (source: https://blog.tcitechs.com/blog/what-is-active-directory)
– Introduced with Windows Server 2008
– Directory service for the Windows domain networks
– Centralised domain management
• Domain Controller
– The primary responsibility of the DC is to authenticate and validate user access on the network. When users log into their domain, the DC checks their username, password, and other credentials to either allow or deny access for that user. (source: https://www.varonis.com/blog/domain-controller/)
Active Directory Logical Concepts
Domains
• Boundary of Security – Authentication
– Security Policies
• Boundary of Replication – Domain NC Replication
• Boundary of DNS Namespace
• Boundary of Administration
UNISA.COM
Active Directory Logical Concepts
Trees
• Hierarchy of Domains forming a contiguous namespace
• Transitive Trust Relationships
• All Domains in a Tree share: – Schema
– Configuration
– Global Catalog
UNISA.COM
CITY.UNISA.COM ML.UNISA.COM
CW.CITY.UNISA.COM
Active Directory Logical Concepts
Forests
• Hierarchy of Domains forming a contiguous or disjoint namespace
• Transitive Trust Relationships
• All Domains in a Forest share: – Schema
– Configuration – Global Catalog
ADELAIDE.COM
UNISA.COM
CITY.UNISA.COM
EXAM
Exam overview
• See personal exam timetable for time/date
• 3 hour exam – designed for 2 hours with 1 extra for technical issues you encounter/extra reading time for those who require it
• https://i.unisa.edu.au/campus-central/Exams_R/Before-the- Exam/Exam-period-and-timetable-release-dates/
• Exam on course website, under the Exam tab
• Consultation hours: see course page
Exam overview
• 15x Multiple choice quiz questions (15%, 1% per)
– The multiple choice questions are in the same form as your quiz questions: single answer, no negative marks
• 5x Short answer questions (25%, 5% per)
– Single line answer, to write/modify a CLI command
• 6x Short essay questions (30%, 5% per)
– Mostly 1 paragraph answer
– Explain some concepts (including general concepts, and Linux and Windows administration)
– Given a shell script, describe how the script works and its output
• 1x Long essay question (30%)
– Given a scenario, discuss the online operation – Similar to the analysis in the course assignment
• Linux administration – CLI
– Scripting
• Windows server administration
– Active directory concept and configuration
• Virtualisation
– Virtual machine and cloud computing
Lastly…
• Assignment
– Team-based assignment – for multi-sysadmin system management – Practice test machine (with VM)
– Team-based assignment, individual marking rubric
– Individual demonstration, presentation, and report
• Assessments
– Scripting exercise – practice shell scripting for a real scenario – Quiz – reinforce the learning of NetAcademy Linux Essential – On-going practical discussions
– Assignment – team-based assignment
– Exam – reinforce the learning outcome
Lastly …