The DOM
47
The Document Object Model (DOM)
Overview
Document root
Nodes
Sibling nodes
Share Your Travels
Photo of Conservatory Pond in
Child nodes
<br />
<a href="http://www.centralpark.com/">Central Park</a>
</p>
<p> <img decoding="async" src="images/central-park.jpg" alt="Central Park" /></p>
<h2>Reviews</h2>
<div id="latestComment">
<p>By Ricardo on <time>2016-05-23</time</p>
<p>Easy on the HDR buddy.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<p>By Susan on <time>2016-11-18</time></p>
<p>I love Central Park.</p>
</div>
<p></body><br />
</html></p>
<p>
<p>
document<br />
<head><br />
<img><br />
<a></p>
<p>
Parent node<br />
<time><br />
<time><br />
48</p>
<p> The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
Nodes and NodeLists</p>
<p>Photo of Conservatory Pond in<br />
<a href="http://www.centralpark.com/">Central Park</a>
</p>
<p>
href=”http://www.centralpark.com/”<br />
Attribute node<br />
Element node<br />
<a> Element node [return and spaces] Text node<br />
Photo of Conservatory Pond in<br />
Text node<br />
Central Park<br />
Text node<br />
49<br />
The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
Document Object<br />
The DOM document object is the root JavaScript object representing the entire HTML document<br />
// retrieve the URL of the current page<br />
var a = document.URL;<br />
// retrieve the page encoding, for example ISO-8859-1 var b = document.inputEncoding;<br />
50</p>
<p> The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
Selection Methods<br />
Classic<br />
• getElementById()<br />
• getElementsByTagName()<br />
• getElementsByClassName() Newer<br />
• querySelector() and<br />
• querySelectorAll()<br />
51<br />
The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
Selection Methods<br />
<body> </p>
<h1>Reviews</h1>
<hr/>
<div>
var node = document.getElementById(“latest”);</p>
<div id="latest">
<p>By Ricardo on <time>2016-05-23</time</p>
<p class="comment">Easy on the HDR buddy.</p>
</div>
<p>By Susan on <time>2016-11-18</time></p>
<p class="comment">I love Central Park.</p>
</p></div>
<hr/>
<p></body><br />
var list1 = document.getElementsByTagName(“div”);<br />
var list2 = document.getElementByClassName(“comment”);<br />
52</p>
<p> The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
Query Selector<br />
querySelectorAll(“nav ul a:link”)<br />
<body> </p>
<nav>
querySelectorAll(“#main div time”)<br />
querySelector(“#main>time”)<br />
querySelector(“footer”)</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="#">United States</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<div id="main"> Comments as of<br />
<time>November 15, 2012</time> </p>
<div>
<p>By Ricardo on <time>September 15, 2012</time></p>
<p>Easy on the HDR buddy.</p>
</p></div>
<div>
<p>By Susan on <time>October 1, 2012</time></p>
<p>I love Central Park.</p>
</div></div>
<footer>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a> | </li>
<li><a href="#">Browse</a> | </li>
</ul>
</footer>
<p></body><br />
53<br />
The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
Element Node Object<br />
Element Node object represents an HTML element in the hierarchy, contained between the opening <> and closing </> tags for this element. Every node has<br />
• classList<br />
• className • Id<br />
• innerHTML • Style<br />
• tagName<br />
54</p>
<p> The Document Object Model (DOM)<br />
More common (not universal) properties<br />
• href<br />
• name • src<br />
• value<br />
55<br />
Modifying the DOM<br />
56</p>
<p> Modifying the DOM<br />
Changing an Element’s Style</p>
<style> .box {
margin: 2em; padding: 0;
border: solid 1pt black; }
.yellowish { background-color: #EFE63F; }
.hide { display: none; } </style>
<p><main></p>
<div class="box">
… </div>
<p></main><br />
var node = document.querySelector(“main div”);<br />
node.className = “yellowish”;<br />
This replaces the existing class specification with<br />
this one. Thus the </p>
<div> no longer has the box class<br />
node.classList.remove(“yellowish”); node.classList.add(“box”);<br />
Removes the specified class specification and adds the box class<br />
node.classList.add(“yellowish”);<br />
Adds a new class to the existing class specification<br />
node.classList.toggle(“hide”); node.classList.toggle(“hide”);<br />
If it isn’t in the class specification, then add it If it is in the class specification, then remove it<br />
11 22<br />
33<br />
44 55<br />
Equivalent to:</p>
<div class="yellowish">
<div class="">
<div class="box">
<div class="box yellowish">
<div class="box yellowish hide">
<div class="box yellowish">
57<br />
Modifying the DOM<br />
Meet the family<br />
childNodes
</p>
<h1>Title goes here</h1>
<p>subtitle</p>
<div> nextSibling …<br />
previousSibling<br />
<body> parentNode<br />
firstChild<br />
lastChild</p>
<p>
This is some <strong>text</strong>
</div>
<p> </body><br />
58</p>
<p> Modifying the DOM<br />
Changing an Element’s Content<br />
document.getElementById(“here”).innerHTML = “foo<em>bar</em>“;<br />
1. Create a new Node<br />
2. Add Node to an element in the DOM<br />
59<br />
Events<br />
60</p>
<p> Events<br />
JavaScript event is an action that can be detected by JavaScript<br />
• Many of them are initiated by user actions<br />
• some are generated by the browser itself.<br />
We say that an event is triggered and then it is handled by JavaScript functions<br />
61<br />
Events<br />
Event-Handling Approaches – Inline Hook<br />
HTML document using the inline hooks<br />
inline.js<br />
function validate(node) {<br />
…<br />
}<br />
function check(node) {<br />
… }<br />
function highlight(node) {<br />
…<br />
}<br />
…<br />
<script type="text/javascript" src="inline.js"></script><br />
…</p>
<form name='mainForm' onsubmit="validate(this);">
<input name="name" type="text"
onchange="check(this);"
onfocus="highlight(this, true);"
onblur="highlight(this, false);"><br />
<input name="email" type="text"
onchange="check(this);"
onfocus="highlight(this, true);"
onblur="highlight(this, false);"><br />
<input type="submit"
onclick="function (e) {
...
Notice that you can define an entire event handling function within the markup.
...
}"> This is NOT recommended!<br />
62</p>
<p> Events<br />
Event-Handling Approaches – Event Property Approach<br />
var myButton = document.getElementById(‘example’); myButton.onclick = alert(‘some message’);<br />
63<br />
Events<br />
Event-Handling Approaches – Event Listener Approach<br />
var myButton = document.getElementById(‘example’);<br />
myButton.addEventListener(‘click’, alert(‘some message’));<br />
myButton.addEventListener(‘mouseout’, funcName);<br />
64</p>
<p> Events<br />
Event-Handling Approaches – Event Listener Approach (anon function)<br />
myButton.addEventListener(‘click’, function() { var d = new Date();<br />
alert(“You clicked this on “+ d.toString());<br />
});<br />
65<br />
Events<br />
Event Object<br />
When an event is triggered, the browser will construct an event object that contains information about the event.<br />
div.addEventListener(‘click’, function(e) { // find out where the user clicked var x = e.clientX;<br />
…<br />
66</p>
<p> Events<br />
Event Object<br />
• bubbles Indicates whether the event bubbles up through the DOM<br />
• cancelable Indicates whether the event can be cancelled<br />
• target The object that generated (or dispatched) the event<br />
• type The type of the event (see next slides)<br />
67<br />
Event Types<br />
Mouse Events<br />
• click The mouse was clicked on an element<br />
• dblclick The mouse was double clicked on an element<br />
• mousedown The mouse was pressed down over an element<br />
• mouseup The mouse was released over an element<br />
• mouseover The mouse was moved (not clicked) over an<br />
element<br />
• mouseout The mouse was moved off of an element<br />
• mousemove The mouse was moved while over an element<br />
68</p>
<p> Event Types<br />
Keyboard Events<br />
• keydown The user is pressing a key (this happens first)<br />
• keypress The user presses a key (this happens after keydown)<br />
• keyup The user releases a key that was down (this happens last)<br />
69<br />
Event Types<br />
Touch Events<br />
Touch events are a new category of events that can be triggered by devices with touch screens<br />
Limited Browser support (2017)<br />
The different events (e.g., touchstart, touchmove, and touchend) are analogous to some of the mouse events (mousedown, mousemove, and mouseup).<br />
70</p>
<p> Event Types<br />
Form Events<br />
• Blur<br />
• Change • Focus<br />
• Reset<br />
• select<br />
• Submit<br />
71<br />
Event Types<br />
Frame Events<br />
• abort – An object was stopped from loading<br />
• error – An object or image did not properly load<br />
• load – When a document or object has been loaded<br />
• resize – The document view was resized<br />
• scroll – The document view was scrolled<br />
• unload – The document has unloaded<br />
72</p>
<p> Forms<br />
73<br />
Forms<br />
Validating a Submitted Form<br />
• Field Validation<br />
• Number Validation<br />
• Other (non JavaScript) Form validation reminder<br />
74</p>
<p> Forms<br />
Submitting Forms<br />
var formExample = document.getElementById(“loginForm”);<br />
formExample.submit();<br />
75</p>
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