LIN102 Tutorial Handout #3
Summer 2021 – Tuesday, July 13
Important: Assignment #1 will be due tomorrow at 11:59AM.
Make sure to allocate the time to enter your answers on Quercus.
Part A: Tree diagrams (R)
Draw morphological tree diagrams for decomposition and inaccessibility
decomposition (Note: treat compose as a minimal unit)
inaccessibility
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Part B: Morphological analysis (R)
Consider the data from a hypothetical language, Kazish, which has a three-way distinction of
number: singular, dual, and plural. Identify the morpheme that corresponds to each of
singular, dual, and plural.
areb ‘orange’ hamwe ‘child’ asal ‘book’
asalet ‘books (3 or more)’ kelot ‘pen’ arebi ‘a pair of oranges’
kitwelanet ‘teachers’ (3 or more) asali ‘a pair of books’ kitwelan ‘teacher’
hamwi ‘a pair of children’ arebet ‘oranges (3 or more)’ keloti ‘a couple of pens’
singular: dual: plural:
Part C: Introduction to clefting and pseudoclefting (P)
In today’s lecture, we will learn a set of diagnoses which will inform us of the presence of a
unit larger than a word in a sentence. Some of the tests require us to understand a set of specific
sentence structures in English known as cleft and pseudocleft. Let’s learn what they look like
and how you actually use them in your everyday speech.
Cleft and pseudocleft are types of sentences that are used by speakers to emphasize a
specific part of the sentence.
+The difference between cleft and pseudocleft depends on the rest of the structure (e.g.,
whether or not it includes it)
Cleft: “It BE that Subject Verb”
(1) John wants to look at your notes after class.
a. It is your notes that John wants to look at after class.
b. It is after class that John wants to look at your notes.
c. It is John who wants to look at your notes after class.
(2) Mary thinks that the university courses are challenging during the pandemic.
a. It is the university courses that Mary thinks are challenging during the pandemic.
b. It is during the pandemic that Mary thinks that the university courses are challenging.
c. It is Mary who thinks that the university courses are challenging during the pandemic.
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Pseudocleft: “What Subject Verb ”
(3) John wants to look at your notes after class.
a. What John wants to look at after class is your notes.
b. When John wants to look at your notes is after class.
c. Who wants to look at your notes after class is John.
(4) Mary thinks that the university courses are challenging during the pandemic.
a. What Mary thinks are challenging during the pandemic are the university courses.
b. When Mary thinks that the university courses are challenging is during the pandemic.
c. Who thinks that the university courses are challenging during the pandemic is Mary.
Question: What would be the cleft and pseudocleft counterparts of the following English
sentence?: The instructor thinks that students should review the lecture slides regularly. The
focus phrase is the lecture slides.
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