LIN102 Tutorial Handout #5
Summer 2021 – Tuesday, July 20
Important: Assignment #2 will be due Thursday 11:59AM.
Make sure to allocate the time to enter your answers on Quercus.
Part A: Complements vs. Adjuncts (R)
Choose the best label we could provide for each of the phrases specified in the statements
below.
1. In the tree below, BP is a(n) [ complement / adjunct / neither ]
2. In the tree below, CP is a(n) [ complement / adjunct / neither ]
3. In the tree below, DP is a(n) [ complement / adjunct / neither ]
4. In the tree below, EP is a(n) [ complement / adjunct / neither ]
AP
BP AP
CP
C DP
EP
E
DP
D
A’
A FP
F
Part B: Phrasal structure (R)
For each of the following phrases, identify (i) its category, (ii) its head and (iii) draw a tree
diagram.
(a) very nicely
(b) proud of Mary
(c) gave a book to John
(d) on the golden statue
(e) a spoonful of sugar
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Part C: Tense (R/P)
In class, we discussed that the largest type of a phrase we can find is a clause. Each clause is
expected to contain the two essential elements, subject and predicate. For each of the sentences
below, identify the clause(s) you can find (Practice identifying where a clause starts and ends
in the sentence).
(a) Hong-yan wishes to get a new laptop for her work.
(b) Ana Tona needs to attend a meeting this afternoon.
(c) Kaz thinks that his students will attend the help labs.
(d) To draw syntax trees is a challenge.
(e) For them to err can be a problem.
Question: For each clause you have identified, consider whether or not you can specify the
timing of the described event relative to the time of the utterance. If you can, add the word
“tense”; if you cannot specify the timing at all, add the word “tenseless”.
Note that English distinguishes whether or not the said event is in the past or not by adding
a bound morpheme such as -ed etc.
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