CM0304 Graphics I Graphics Hardware I.1 Graphics Systems
CMT107 Visual Computing
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I.1 Introduction
Xianfang Sun
School of Computer Science & Informatics
Cardiff University
➢Module Logistics
➢Introduction to Visual Computing
➢Applications
7:18 PM 2CMT107 Visual Computing
Prerequisites
➢Mathematics
• Basic Linear Algebra
• Trigonometry
➢Programming
• Basic Data structures/Programming knowledge
• Language: Java
• Graphics API: OpenGL (No prior knowledge required)
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Assessment
➢Coursework: (30%)
• Hand out: Week 5
• Hand in: Week 10
➢Written Examination: (70%)
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Learning Outcomes
➢ Knowledge / Understanding
• Understand the concepts, techniques and underpinning technologies associated
with Visual Computing.
• Critically analyse the present capabilities and limitations of Visual Computing
algorithms and techniques.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the present state-of-the-art associated with
specific aspects of Visual Computing.
• Design and implement simple algorithms to exercise and test elements of Visual
Computing.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the underlying mathematical techniques.
• Understand the computational effort required to perform operations associated
with various algorithms.
• Programming of simple visual computing algorithms, including data handling.
• Critical evaluation of the claims associated with new algorithms and methods.
• Understanding of the computational burdens associated with different
processing techniques and be able to select appropriate methods depending on
the intended application and context.
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➢ Introduction to Visual Computing
• Concepts and Applications
• Mathematics Review
➢ Computer Graphics:
• Graphics systems
• Graphics Programming and API
• Transformations
• Lighting and Shading
• Texture mapping
➢ Geometric Modelling
• Curves and Surfaces
• Hierarchical Modelling
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• Geometric Operations
• Boundary Representation (B-rep)
• Mesh Representation
• Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
➢ Image Processing
• Image Representation
• Image Filtering and Restoration
• Mathematical Morphology
• Image feature detection
➢ Computer Vision
• Camera Models and Calibration
• 3D Computer Vision
• Object Recognition
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➢ Main Textbooks
• P. Shirley, M. Ashikhmin, and S. Marschner, Fundamentals of Computer
Graphics, 3rd ed., A K Peters, 2009
• M. Sonka, V. Hlavac, and R. Boyle, Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine
Vision, Thomson, 2008
• F. Nielsen, Visual Computing: Geometry, Graphics, and Vision,
Media, Inc., 2005
➢ Recommended Readings
• D. Hearn, M.P. Baker, and W.R. Carithers. Computer Graphics with OpenGL,
4th Edition. Hall, 2011.
• D. Shreiner, M. Woo, J. Neider, T. Davis. OpenGL Programming Guide: The
Official Guide to Learning, 7th Edition. , 2010.
• R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed., Pearson,
• D.A. Forsyth, J. Ponce, S. Mukherjee, and A.K. Bhattacharjee, Computer
Vision: A Modern Approach, 2nd ed., Pearson, 2012
• G.E. Farin and D. Hansford, The Essentials of CAGD, A K Peters, 2000
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➢ Module website:
https://learningcentral.cf.ac.uk/
➢ Graphics resources:
http://www.opengl.org/
http://jogamp.org/jogl/www/
http://www.siggraph.org/
https://learningcentral.cf.ac.uk/
http://www.opengl.org/
http://jogamp.org/jogl/www/
http://www.siggraph.org/
Top Conferences
➢ SIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (since 1974)
• SIGGRAPH 2019: Technical Papers Preview
• SIGGRAPH 2019: Emerging Technologies Preview
• SIGGRAPH 2019: Computer Animation Festival Electronic
➢ I3DG: ACM-SIGGRAPH Interactive 3D Graphics (since
➢ CVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern
Recognition (since 1988)
➢ ICCV: on Computer Vision (since 1987)
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src/SIGGRAPH 2019 Technical Papers Preview.mp4
src/SIGGRAPH 2019 Emerging Techologies Preview.mp4
src/SIGGRAPH 2019 Computer Animation Festival Electronic Theater.mp4
Visual Computing
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➢ Visual Computing is a broad area of acquiring, creating, processing,
analysing, and synthesising visual data by means of computers.
Objects,…
Geometric Modelling
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➢ Geometric modelling is a subject of studying methods and
algorithms for the mathematical description of shapes.
• The shapes studied in geometric modelling are mostly two- or
three-dimensional, although many of its tools and principles
can be applied to sets of any finite dimension.
Computer Graphics
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➢ Computer graphics is the art and science of representing and
manipulating information using images generated through
computation.
• Imaging: capturing and manipulating 2D images
• Modelling : representing and manipulating 3D objects
• Rendering : creating 2D images from 3D models
• Animation: simulating image changes over time with object motion
Image Processing
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➢ Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the
input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame, and the
output may be either an image or a set of characteristics or
parameters related to the image.
Computer Vision
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➢ Computer vision is a field that includes methods for processing,
analysing, and understanding images in order to produce
numerical or symbolic information, e.g., in the forms of decisions.
• The boundary between image processing and computer vision
is blurred sometimes.
Applications
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➢ Graphics generation
• Visualisation of data (accurate non-realistic images)
• Photo-realistic images (inaccurate)
• Non-photo-realistic images, paintings
➢ Dynamic graphics: simulation and animation
• Visualisation and simulation of processes
• Realism and virtual environments
➢ Entertainment
• Games, film special effects
➢ Industrial applications
• Visual navigation, surveillance, biometric identification, …
• Creating, modelling, editing and representing objects
➢ User interfaces
• Suitable interactive environments
Visualisation of Data
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http://stubber.math-inf.uni-
greifswald.de/~linsen/research/index_en.html
accurate non-realistic images
http://stubber.math-inf.uni-greifswald.de/~linsen/research/index_en.html
Photo-realistic Image
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inaccurate
Pebbles by
Generated using POV-Ray
http://hof.povray.org/Boreal_big.html
http://hof.povray.org/pebbles.html
http://www.povray.org/
Non-photo-realistic Image
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http://marctenbosch.com/npr_shading/
fruitbowl.png
http://marctenbosch.com/npr_shading/fruitbowl.png
Simulation and Animation
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Entertainment
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Surveillance
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Autonomous Driving & Robot Navigation
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Biometric Identification
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freebyte.com
http://freebyte.com/
User Interface
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➢ What is Visual computing?
➢ What is geometric modelling, computer graphics, image
processing, and computer vision?
➢ Describe the relationship among the above-mentioned fields.
➢ List some examples of the applications of visual computing.
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