Week 1-introduction 5416
Advanced Network Technologies
Introduction
Dr. Wei Bao | Lecturer
School of Computer Science
COMP 5416
› Title: Advanced Network Technologies
› UOS code: COMP5416
› Credit point: 6
– Wednesday 18:00-20:00, weeks 1-13
– Online
› Lab/Tutorial:
– Wednesday 20:00-21:00, weeks 1-13, starting from today
– Thursday 17:00-18:00, weeks 1-13
– Sydney time by default
– Note your time zone, especially ADST/AEST change in October.
– Online
People
› Wei Bao, Coordinator and Lecturer
– Weeks 1-13
– Office: J12-4W-425
– Phone: (02) 8627 4865
– wei. .au
– https://www.sydney.edu.au/engineering/about/our-people/academic-staff/wei-bao.html
– Office hour: By appointment, through Zoom
– Clearly note COMP5416 in the email title when you contact me
› Background
– Research: Networking, Mobile Computing, Internet of Things, Distributed Systems.
– Research Group: Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing
(http://sydney.edu.au/distributed_computing/)
– University of Toronto
mailto:wei. .au
https://www.sydney.edu.au/engineering/about/our-people/academic-staff/wei-bao.html
http://sydney.edu.au/distributed_computing/
People
› Zhengjie Yang, Tutor
– Weeks 1-13
– Office: J12-West Wing
– zhengjie. .au
– Office hour: by appointment, through Zoom
› Background
– Research: Networking, mobile computing, distributed machine learning.
– 4-year experience in tutoring this UoS
› Da Xie, Tutor
– Weeks 1-13
– Office: J12-West Wing
– .edu.au
– Office hour: by appointment, through Zoom
Emergency procedures (on campus)
– In the unlikely event of an emergency we may need to
evacuate the building.
– If we need to evacuate, we will ask you to take your
belongings and follow the green exit signs .
– We will move a safe distance from the building and maintain
physical distancing whilst waiting until the emergency is over.
– In some circumstances, we might be asked to remain inside the
building for our own safety. We call this a lockdown or shelter-
in-place.
– Further information is available at
www.sydney.edu.au/emergency
http://www.sydney.edu.au/emergency
Keeping our community safe
We can all help reduce the spread of COVID-19 through following
good hygiene practices:
– Wash hands regularly, for at least 20 seconds with soap and
water, or use an alcohol-based hand rub.
– Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing with a tissue
or a flexed elbow.
– Maintain a distance of at least 1.5m between yourself and
others, where possible.
– Avoid large gatherings, where possible.
– Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu symptoms,
e.g. fever, cough, runny nose or shortness of breath.
Keeping our community safe
– All students and staff who have cold or flu symptoms should
isolate themselves from others.
– If you are unwell with cold or flu symptoms please excuse
yourself from this class and we will support you to continue
the work remotely.
– Make sure you read the information on special consideration
in the unit outline.
Keeping our community safe
– The University is following advice from the government and
related public health authorities.
– For the latest information, see the advice on the University
website.
– In some classes, especially those involving use of shared
equipment, please follow additional advice from your
coordinators.
– Please take care of each other and yourselves and if you need
support reach out to your unit coordinator or the health and
wellbeing area of the Current Students website.
https://sydney.edu.au/study/coronavirus-infection-university-of-sydney-advice.html
https://sydney.edu.au/students/health-wellbeing.html
Tips for students joining online
– Remember that you are still in a space with other students.
– Mute your microphone when not speaking.
– Use earphones or headphones – the mic is better and you’ll
disturb others less.
– If you have a webcam, please switch it on so we can see you!
– If you are speaking to the camera, make eye contact with the
camera (and therefore your classmates and teacher).
– Try not to talk over someone else.
– Use the chat function to send messages to the teacher or
classmates during class.
Tips for students learning online
– For tips and guides on learning online and the tools you will use, refer to Learning
while off campus resources in Canvas.
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/4901/pages/learning-while-off-campus
Resources
Canvas: https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/
Login using Unikey and password
Link to Units website: https://sydney.edu.au/units/
Official schedule, list of learning outcomes, etc
Copies of slides
Lab instructions
Assignment instructions
Lecture videos
We intend to record the lectures, but the technology is not reliable
Submit official assignment work here;
see your grades; etc
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/
https://sydney.edu.au/units/
Textbook and material
Computer Networking: ATopDown Approach 6th or 7th edition, Jim
Kurose and Keith Ross,
Some of the information on the slides of this course is taken from the
companion material of this textbook that is subject to copyright 1996-2012,
J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved.
Expectations
Ø Students attend scheduled classes, and devote an extra 6-9 hrs per week
Ø doing assessments
Ø preparing and reviewing for classes
Ø revising and integrating the ideas
Ø practice and self-assess
Ø Students are responsible learners
Ø Participate in classes, constructively
Ø Respect for one another (criticize ideas, not people)
Ø Humility: none of us knows it all; each of us knows valuable things
Ø Check canvas site at least once a week!
Ø Notify academics whenever there are difficulties
Evaluation
› W6: Assignment 1, 20%
Covers W1—W6
› W12: Assignment 2, 20%
Covers W6—W12
› Exam period: Final exam, 60%
Covers everything
› School of CS policy: you must get at least 40% of the marks available on
the exam, in order to pass the unit. (40% barrier on exam, less than 40% in
the exam is automatically a FAIL.)
Special Consideration (University policy)
Ø If your performance on assessments is affected by illness or misadventure
Ø Follow proper bureaucratic procedures
Ø Have professional practitioner sign special USyd form
Ø Submit application for special consideration online, upload scans
Ø Note you have only a quite short deadline for applying
Ø http://sydney.edu.au/current_students/special_consideration/
Ø Also, notify coordinator by email as soon as anything begins to go wrong
Ø There is a similar process if you need special arrangements eg for religious
observance, military service, representative sports
http://sydney.edu.au/current_students/special_consideration/
Late assessments
Ø Suppose you hand in work after the deadline:
Ø Penalty of 5% per day late, e.g.:
Ø A good assignment that would normally get 9/10 and is 2 days late loses 10%
of the full 10 marks, i.e. new mark = 8/10
Ø An average assignment that would normally get 5/10 and is 5 days late loses
25% of the full 10 marks, i.e. new mark = 2.5/10
Ø Assignments more than 10 days late get 0.
Ø Warning: submission sites get very slow near deadlines.
Ø You can resubmit if there is time before the deadline. Only the latest version will be
marked.
Academic Integrity (University policy)
Ø “The University of Sydney is unequivocally opposed to, and intolerant of,
plagiarism and academic dishonesty.
Ø Academic dishonesty means seeking to obtain or obtaining academic
advantage for oneself or for others (including in the assessment or publication
of work) by dishonest or unfair means.
Ø Plagiarism means presenting another person’s work as one’s own work by
presenting, copying or reproducing it without appropriate acknowledgement of
the source.” [from site below]
Ø http://sydney.edu.au/elearning/student/EI/index.shtml
Ø Submitted work is compared against other work (from students, the internet etc)
Ø Turnitin
Ø Penalties for academic dishonesty or plagiarism can be severe
Ø Complete self-education AHEM1001
http://sydney.edu.au/elearning/student/EI/index.shtml
DISABILITY SERVICES
Do you have a disability?
You may not think of yourself as having a ‘disability’ but the definition under the
Disability Discrimination Act is broad and includes temporary or chronic medical
conditions, physical or sensory disabilities, psychological conditions and learning
disabilities.
The types of disabilities we see include:
anxiety, arthritis, asthma, asperger’s disorder, ADHD, bipolar disorder, broken bones, cancer, cerebral palsy, chronic
fatigue syndrome, crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, depression, diabetes, dyslexia, epilepsy, hearing impairment, learning
disability, mobility impairment, multiple sclerosis, post traumatic stress, schizophrenia , vision impairment, and much
more.
Students needing assistance must register with Disability Services –
it is advisable to do this as early as possible.
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/disability-support.html
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/disability-support.html
Other support
Learning support
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/learning-support.html
International students
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/support-for-international-students.html
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-
support.html
Student organization (can represent you in academic appeals etc)
http://srcusyd.net.au/ or http://www.supra.net.au/
Please make contact, and get help
You are not required to tell anyone else about this
If you are willing to inform the unit coordinator, they may be able to work with other
support to reduce the impact on this unit
eg provide advice on which tasks are most significant
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/learning-support.html
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/support-for-international-students.html
http://sydney.edu.au/study/academic-support/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-support.html
Advice
Metacognition
Pay attention to the learning outcomes
Self-check that you are achieving each one
Think how each assessment task relates to these
Time management
Watch the due dates
Start work early, submit early
Networking and community-formation
Make friends and discuss ideas with them
Know your tutor, lecturer, coordinator
Keep them informed, especially if you fall behind
Don’t wait to get help
Enjoy the learning!
https://www.sydney.edu.au/units/COMP5416
Syllabus
1.Introduction, Network overview
2.Network performance, Application layer 1
3.Application 2
4.Transport 1
5.Transport 2
6.Network science: queues
7.Multimedia network 1
8.Multimedia network 2
9.Wireless and Mobile 1
10.Wireless and Mobile 2
11.Advance Network Protocols
12.Network science: Network optimization*
13.Recent advances in Network*, Review
1.Basic network performance analysis
2.Wireshark, HTTP packet sniffing
3.Python socket programming
4.Math foundations for network analysis
5.Transport layer and TCP
6.Network and queue simulator
7.Multimedia network
8.Real-time protocol
9.Scheduling and Queues
10.Network programming
11.Wireless and noise
12.Internet of Things Experiment
13.T: Review and Q&A
Goals
Facts/Knowledge
› How is information transported?
› How to make communications efficient?
› Why does it work in this way? (Differentiate this unit from basic-level units.)
Theory
› Tutorials: Use math to solve problems
› Why is math important?
Practice
› Labs: will require programming
› All programming will be done in Python (version 3.X)
You should be fine if you know Java/C
› Wireshark experiment
Layered Network
ISO/OSI model
› ISO: International Organization for Standardization
› OSI: Open Systems Interconnection
application
presentation
session
transport
network
link
physical
Network Layers
application
presentation
session
transport
network
link
physical
application
transport
network
link
physical
ISO/OSI model textbook
application
transport
network
link
Other textbooks
process
transport
internetwork
/Internet
network interface
hardware
Other names
Network Layers
Physical
How to organize data transfer among
adjacent network nodes?
How to transfer bits from one device to another?
Link
How to send message to non-adjacent nodes? Network
How to provide end-to-end connections for programs
running at different devices in the network?
How to provide network applications satisfies users?
Transport
Application
Physical Layer
Role: Transmitting raw bits over a physical link connecting network nodes.
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1276305
Link Layer
Role: data transfer between neighboring network elements.
Bit error detection:
Sender 010101, receiver 010100
Medium access control:
Two devices talking at the same time?
Link-layer addressing:
This information is for you.
Network Layer
Role: routing and forwarding packets from (every) source to (every) destination
Transport Layer
Role: manage program-program (process-process) data transfer
Application Layer
Role: support network applications
Video/Audio
Over TCP/UDP
network support for multimedia
Preview: Practice
application
transport
network
link
physical
HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, P2P…
Wireless
network
TCP, UDP, Transport Protocol
Max min fairness
Preview: Theory
application
transport
network
link
physical
Network
Optimization
Queueing Theory
Principles
of
CDMA
Example:
Game Theory
Socket programming
Preview: Programming/Experiment
application
transport
network
link
physical
Wireshark
Queue simulator
Socket
Network analysis example
Two users competing for one channel
User 1
User 2
Two users competing for one channel
User 1
User 2
A collision happens! No one is successful!
Two users competing for one channel
Situations User 1’s
benefit
User 2’s
benefit
1 off, 2 off 0 0
1 on, 2 off 10 0
1 off, 2 on 0 10
1 on, 2 on -5 -5
Two users competing for one channel
Situations User 1’s
benefit
User 2’s
benefit
1 off, 2 off 0 0
1 on, 2 off 10 0
1 off, 2 on 0 10
1 on, 2 on -5 -5
In cellular network, for example, we can schedule 1 and 2 in a fair way.
In many other situations? Selfish users.
Two users competing for one channel
Situations User 1’s
benefit
User 2’s
benefit
1 off, 2 off 0 0
1 on, 2 off 10 0
1 off, 2 on 0 10
1 on, 2 on -5 -5
Solution: Game Theory!
Mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between
intelligent rational decision-makers!
Useful to solve many economical problems!
Also useful to analyse computer networks and the Internet!
Prisoner’s dilemma
Two members of a criminal gang are arrested
Each prisoner has no means of
communicating with the other
Each prisoner can:
1 confess
2 keep silent
Prisoner’s dilemma
Result
Both confess: both serve 5 years in prison
Both keep silent: both serve 1 year in prison
A confesses, B keeps silent (vice versa):
A is set free
B serves 10 years in prison
Prisoner’s dilemma
A’s decision
(A, B) utility
B’s decision
Confess Keep silent
Confess (-5,-5) (-10,0)
Keep silent (0,-10) (-1,-1)
Nash Equilibrium
A’s decision
(A, B) utility
B’s decision
Confess Keep silent
Confess (-5,-5) (-10,0)
Keep silent (0,-10) (-1,-1)
The tuple satisfies: no player has anything to gain by
changing only his own strategy
Nash Equilibrium
A’s decision
(A, B) utility
B’s decision
Confess Keep silent
Confess (-5,-5) (-10,0)
Keep silent (0,-10) (-1,-1)
The tuple satisfies: no player has anything to gain by
changing only his own strategy
A changes his/decision, loss
Nash Equilibrium
A’s decision
(A, B) utility
B’s decision
Confess Keep silent
Confess (-5,-5) (-10,0)
Keep silent (0,-10) (-1,-1)
The tuple satisfies: no player has anything to gain by
changing only his own strategy
B changes his/decision, loss
Nash Equilibrium
A’s decision
(A, B) utility
B’s decision
Confess Keep silent
Confess (-5,-5) (-10,0)
Keep silent (0,-10) (-1,-1)
The tuple satisfies: no player has anything to gain by
changing only his own strategy
Not a Nash
Equilibrium !
Back to our problem
User 1
User 2
Back to our problem
1’s decision
(1, 2) utility
2’s decision
Transmit Keep silent
Transmit (-5,-5) (0,10)
Keep silent (10,0) (0,0)
Nash Equilibrium?
Back to our problem
1’s decision
(1, 2) utility
2’s decision
Transmit Keep silent
Transmit (-5,-5) (0,10)
Keep silent (10,0) (0,0)
Two Nash Equilibria
Back to our problem
1’s decision
(1, 2) utility
2’s decision
Transmit Keep silent
Transmit (-5,-5) (0,10)
Keep silent (10,0) (0,0)
Two Nash Equilibria
Pure and mix strategy
This is still not ideal.
Solution: mixed strategy.
Each player can make probabilistic decision!
User 1: transmit with probability p1
keep silent with probability (1-p1)
User 2: transmit with probability p2
keep silent with probability (1-p2)
Back to our problem
1’s decision
(1, 2) utility
2’s decision
Transmit Keep silent
Transmit (-5,-5) (0,10)
Keep silent (10,0) (0,0)
p1*p2 (1-p1)*p2
p1*(1-p2) (1-p1)*(1-p2)
-5*p1*p2+10*p1*(1-p2)+0*(1-p1)*p2+0*(1-p1)*(1-p2)
= -5*p1*p2+10*p1*(1-p2)
So what?
Let’s try p2=2/3
User 1’s average utility
-5*p1*p2+10*p1*(1-p2)
=-5*p1*2/3+10*p1*1/3
=0
No matter how to change p1, user 1’s utility is 0
Similarly
If p1=2/3
No matter how to change p2, user 1’s utility is 0
So what?
p1=p2=2/3 is a Nash Equilibrium
Why?
User 1’s average utility
If p2=2/3
No matter how to change p1, user 1’s utility is 0
If p1=2/3
No matter how to change p2, user 1’s utility is 0
What happens if users are cooperative?
If the users are not selfish,
p1=p2=1/3 is the optimal solution
User 1’s average utility is 5/3
User 2’s average utility is 5/3
Network performance in summery
Situations Solution Utility
Selfish users p1=2/3,
p2=2/3
(0,0)
Cooperative
users
p1=1/3
p2=1/3
(5/3,5/3)
Delays
Delay
Four sources of packet delay
dproc: nodal processing
§ check bit errors
§ determine output link
§ typically < msec
A
B
propagation
transmission
nodal
processing queueing
dqueue: queueing delay
§ time waiting at output link for
transmission
§ depends on congestion level of
router
dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop
Delay
Four sources of packet delay
dtrans: transmission delay:
§ L: packet length (bits)
§ R: link bandwidth (bps)
§ dtrans = L/R
dprop: propagation delay:
§ d: length of physical link
§ s: propagation speed in medium
(~2x108 m/sec)
§ dprop = d/sdtrans and dprop
very different
propagation
nodal
processing queueing
dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop
A
B
transmission
Transmission Delay and Propagation Delay
bit 1 trans
t
t
bit 2 trans bit N trans
……
sender
receiver
bit1 arrives bit2 arrives Bit N arrives
Transmission delay Propagation delay
Overall delay
Store and Forward
Store-and-forward
› takes L/R seconds to transmit (push out)
L-bit packet into link at R bps
› store and forward: entire packet must
arrive at router before it can be
transmitted on next link
› end-end delay: 2 L/R (assuming zero
propagation delay)
› one-hop numerical example:
- L = 7.5 Mbits
- R = 1.5 Mbps
- delay = 5 sec
source
R bps destination
123
L bits
per packet
R bps
Queueing delay
› R: link bandwidth (bps)
› L: packet length (bits)
› a: average packet arrival rate
traffic intensity = La/R
v La/R ~ 0: avg. queueing delay small
v La/R <~ 1: avg. queueing delay large
v La/R > 1: more “work” arriving
than can be serviced, average delay infinite!
La/R ~ 0
La/R <~ 1 A Brief Discussion on Queueing Theory Server Queue Properties of a Queue › Job arrival › Job service time › Number of servers › Queue size › Service disciplines Properties of a Queue › Job arrival - Poisson process - Number of arrivals in [0, t): N(t) - Distribution of N(t) - Mean: E(N(t))= λt - Arrival rate λ Properties of a Queue › Job service time - Exponential distribution, with mean of 1/μ - PDF: probability density function μ e−μx - CDF: Cumulative distribution function 1 − e−μx - Mean: 1/μ - Can serve μ jobs per unit time. - Service rate: μ Properties of a Queue › Number of servers - 1 › Queue size - Infinity › Service disciplines - First in first served Properties of a Queue › Conclusions › Mean waiting time › 1/(μ- λ) › Derivation will be shown later.