INFO20003 Database Systems
Dr Renata Borovica-Gajic
Lecture 05
Modelling with MySQL Workbench
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INFO20003 Database Systems Week 3
• Modelling with MySQL Workbench
• Recap & further design
– Conceptual Design – Logical Design
– Physical Design
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Conventions of ER Modelling (Workbench)
• Identifier or key:
– Fully identifies an instance
• Partial Identifier:
– Identifies an instance in conjunction
with one or more partial identifiers
• Attributes types:
– Mandatory – NOT NULL (blue diamond) – Optional – NULL (empty diamond)
– Derived []
• [YearsEmployed]
– Multivalued {}
– Composite ()
• Name (First, Middle, Last)
• Attributes
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A note on derived attributes
• Derived attributes imply that their values can be derived from some other attributes in the database. As a result, they do not need to be stored physically – they disappear at the physical design.
For employees we want to be able to show for how many years they have
been employed. SSN
Contract start
Years employed
Derived attribute (Chen’s notation)
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Conventions of ER Modelling (Workbench)
• Relationship Degrees
Ternary with attributes
● RelationshipAttribute1 ● RelationshipAttribute2
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Conventions of ER Modelling (Workbench)
• Relationship Cardinality
– One to One
Each entity will have exactly 0 or 1 related entity
– One to Many
One of the entities will have 0, 1 or more related entities, the other will have 0 or 1.
– Many to Many
Each of the entities will have 0, 1 or more related entities
• Cardinality Constraints
Optional Many
Partial participation Without key constraint
Mandatory Many
Total participation Without key constraint
Optional One
Partial participation Key constraint
Mandatory One
Total participation Key constraint
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Conventions of ER Modelling (Workbench)
Strong Entity:
• Can exist by itself
• E.g. Customer Card & Customer
Identifying relationship
Weak Entity
• Can’t exist without the owner • E.g. BillDetaiLine
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Single Entity (Conceptual Model)
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Convert from Conceptual to Logical design
• Convert the ER into a logical (rel.) model
– Customer(CustomerID, CustFirstName, CustMiddleName, CustLastName, BusinessName, CustType, CustAddLine1, CustAddLine2, CustSuburb, CustPostcode, CustCountry)
• Tasks checklist (from conceptual to logical):
1. Flatten composite and multi-valued attributes
• Multi-value attributes can become another table
2. Resolve many-many relationships
• Create an associative entity
3. Resolve one-many relationships
• Add foreign keys at crows foot end of relationships (on the many side in the case of crows foot)
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Convert from Logical
Generate attribute data types (with NULL/NOT NULL)
Physical Design:
Implementation:
CREATE TABLE Customer(
CustomerID INT NOT NULL,
CustFirstName VARCHAR(100), CustMiddleName VARCHAR(100), CustLastName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, BussinessName VARCHAR(100),
CustType VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, CustAddressLine1 VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, CustAddressLine2 VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, CustSuburb VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, CustPostcode CHAR(6) NOT NULL, CustCountry VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID));
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More than One Entity
– A customer can have a number of Accounts – The tables are linked through a foreign key
CustomerF irstName
CustMiddle Name
CustLast Name
BusinessN ame
JJ Enterprises
AccountName
OutstandingB alance
JJ Ent. Mgr
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From Conceptual to Logical Design – Account
Conceptual Design:
Tasks checklist:
1. Flatten composite and multi-valued attributes X
2. Resolve many-many relationships X
3. Resolve one-many relationships
• SeeFK1–CustomerID
• Everyrowintheaccounttable must have a CustomerID from
Customer (referential integrity)
Logical Design:
Account(AccountID, AccountName, OutstandingBalance, CustomerID)
Note: Underline = PK, italic and underline = FK, underline and bold = PFK
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Physical Design & Implementation- Account
Physical design: Implementation:
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Dealing with Multi-Valued Attributes: Approach 2
Conceptual Design:
Logical Design:
Physical Design:
If staff have only 2-3 roles you may decide to have these within the Employee table at physical design to save on “JOIN” time
StaffRole is an example of a weak entity
– We show this with a solid line in Workbench
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Many to Many Relationship
• How do we deal with customer addresses?
– If customers can change addresses
• AND imagine that we need to store a history of addresses for customers.
– At the conceptual level it looks like this:
AddressDateFrom AddressDateTo
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Many to Many – Logical design (Workbench)
• When converting the conceptual to logical diagram we create an Associative Entity between the other 2 entities
Note: AddressDateFrom/To are descriptive attributes of the relationship
They go into the associative entity for M-M
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Many to Many – Logical Model
– Customer(CustomerID, CustFirstName, CustMiddleName, CustLastName, BusinessName, CustType)
– Address(AddressID, StreetNumber, StreetName, StreetType, AddressType, AddressTypeIdentifier, MinorMunicipality, MajorMunicipality, GoverningDisctrict, Country, PostalArea)
– Customer_Has_Address(CustomerID, AddressID, AddressDateFrom, AddressDateTo)
Note: Underline = PK, italic and underline = FK, underline and bold = PFK
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Many to Many – Physical Model & Implementation
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Binary One-One Relationship
• Rule: Move the key from the one side to the other side DateAssigned
is in charge of
• But we have 2 “one” sides. Which one?
• Need to decide whether to put the foreign key inside Nurse or CareCentre (in which case you would have the Date_Assigned in the same location)
– Where would the least NULL values be?
– The rule is the OPTIONAL side of the relationship gets the foreign key
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Binary One-One Relationship – Logical and Physical Design
• Logical Design:
– Nurse(NurseID, Name, DateOfBirth)
– CareCentre(CentreID, Location, NurseID, DateAssigned)
• Physical Design:
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Summary of Binary Relationships From conceptual to logical
• One-to-Many
– Primary key on the one side becomes a foreign key on the many
side (in the case of Crow’s foot)
• Many-to-Many
– Create an Associative Entity (a new relation) with the primary
keys of the two entities it relates to as the combined primary key
• One-to-One
– Need to decide where to put the foreign key
– The primary key on the mandatory side becomes a foreign key on the optional side
– If two optional or two mandatory, pick one arbitrarily
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Unary Relationships
• Operate in the same way as binary relationships
– One-to-One
• Put a Foreign key in the relation
– One-to-Many
• Put a Foreign key in the relation
– Many-to-Many
• Generate an Associative Entity
• Put two Foreign keys in the Associative Entity
– Need 2 different names for the Foreign keys
– Both Foreign keys become the combined key of the Associative Entity
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Unary: One-to-One
Conceptual Design:
Logical Design:
• Person (ID, Name, DateOfBirth, SpouseID)
Implementation:
CREATE TABLE Person (
ID INT NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, DateOfBirth DATE NOT NULL, SpouseID INT,
PRIMARY KEY (ID),
FOREIGN KEY (SpouseID) REFERENCES Person (ID)
ON DELETE RESTRICT
ON UPDATE CASCADE);
1969-06-12
1971-05-09
1982-02-10
1991-01-01
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Unary: One-to-Many
Logical Design:
Employee (ID, Name, DateOfBirth, ManagerID)
Conceptual Design:
Implementation:
CREATE TABLE Employee(
ID smallint NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, DateOfBirth DATE NOT NULL, ManagerID smallint ,
PRIMARY KEY (ID),
FOREIGN KEY (ManagerID) REFERENCES Employee(ID)
ON DELETE RESTRICT
ON UPDATE CASCADE);
1969-06-12
1971-05-09
1982-02-10
1991-01-01
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Unary: Many-to-Many
• Logical Design:
– Create Associative Entity like usual – Generate logical model
• Item(ID, Name, UnitCost)
• Component(ID, ComponentID, Quantity)
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Unary: Many-to-Many Implementation
• Implementation
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Ternary relationships: Many to Many
• Relationships between three entities
• Logical Design:
– GenerateanAssociativeEntity
– ThreeOne-to-Manyrelationships
– Same rules then apply as One- to-Many
● ShippingMode ● UnitCost
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Strong and Weak Entity (Identifying Relationship)
• How to map an Identifying relationship
– Map it the same way: Foreign Key goes into the relationship at the crow’s foot end.
– Only Difference is: The Foreign Key becomes part of the Primary Key
– Logical Design:
• Loan(LoanID,Amount)
• Payment(PaymentNumber, LoanID, Date, Amount)
– Physical Design: as per normal one-to-many
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Conceptual Model Mapping (LMS)
Relationship cardinalities and constraints
Concept Chen’s not. Crow’s foot not.
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What’s Examinable
• Need to be able to draw conceptual, logical and physical
• Assignment 1: Conceptual Chen’s pen and paper, Physical
Crow’s foot with MySQL Workbench
• Create table SQL statements
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Next Lecture
• Hands on Modelling
• Please read the case study prior to the lecture:
• LMS/Week 3 Medicare study
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