* Updated: March 2022
* This code may not be used without written consent of the authors.
package ca.yorku.rtsp.client.model;
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import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Objects;
* This class represents an individual frame in a video stream.
public class Frame implements Comparable {
private byte payloadType;
private boolean marker;
private short sequenceNumber;
private int timestamp;
private byte[] payload;
* Creates a new frame.
* @param payloadType The numeric type of payload found in the frame. The most common type is 26 (JPEG).
* @param marker An indication if the frame is an important frame when compared to other frames in the
* stream.
* @param sequenceNumber A sequential number corresponding to the ordering of the frame. This number is expected to
* start at 0 (zero) and increase by one for each frame following that.
* @param timestamp The number of milliseconds after the logical start of the stream when this frame is
* expected to be played.
* @param payload A byte array containing the payload (contents) of the frame.
* @param offset The position in payload where the contents start.
* @param length The number of bytes to be considered as contents in
* payload.
public Frame(byte payloadType, boolean marker, short sequenceNumber, int timestamp, byte[] payload, int offset, int length) {
this.payloadType = payloadType;
this.marker = marker;
this.sequenceNumber = sequenceNumber;
this.timestamp = timestamp;
this.payload = new byte[length];
System.arraycopy(payload, offset, this.payload, 0, length);
* Creates a new frame.
* @param payloadType The numeric type of payload found in the frame. The most common type is 26 (JPEG).
* @param marker An indication if the frame is an important frame when compared to other frames in the
* stream.
* @param sequenceNumber A sequential number corresponding to the ordering of the frame. This number is expected to
* start at 0 (zero) and increase by one for each frame following that.
* @param timestamp The number of milliseconds after the logical start of the stream when this frame is
* expected to be played.
* @param payload A byte array containing the payload (contents) of the frame.
public Frame(byte payloadType, boolean marker, short sequenceNumber, int timestamp, byte[] payload) {
this(payloadType, marker, sequenceNumber, timestamp, payload, 0, payload.length);
* Returns the type of payload found in this frame.
* @return A numeric type of payload.
public byte getPayloadType() {
return payloadType;
* Returns an indication if the frame is to be considered an important/essential frame when compared to other frames
* in the stream.
* @return true if the frame is important/essential, false
* otherwise.
public boolean isMarkerOn() {
return marker;
* Returns the sequence number of the frame. This number corresponds to 0 for the first frame of the stream and
* increments by one for each frame after that.
* @return The sequence number of the frame.
public short getSequenceNumber() {
return sequenceNumber;
* Returns the timestamp of the frame, in milliseconds from the beginning of the stream.
* @return Timestamp of the frame, in milliseconds.
public int getTimestamp() {
return timestamp;
* Returns the raw data included in the frame.
* @return A byte array corresponding to the raw data of the frame.
public byte[] getPayload() {
return payload.clone();
* Returns the number of bytes in the payload (contents) of the frame. This is equivalent to
* getPayload().length.
* @return The length of the payload.
public int getPayloadLength() {
return payload.length;
* Creates an Image based on the payload of the frame.
* @return An Image object corresponding to the frame contents.
public Image getImage() {
return Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(getPayload());
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
Frame frame = (Frame) o;
return payloadType == frame.payloadType &&
marker == frame.marker &&
sequenceNumber == frame.sequenceNumber &&
timestamp == frame.timestamp &&
Arrays.equals(payload, frame.payload);
public int hashCode() {
int result = Objects.hash(payloadType, marker, sequenceNumber, timestamp);
result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(payload);
return result;
public int compareTo(Frame other) {
return this.getSequenceNumber() – other.getSequenceNumber();
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