Design Space:
multiple dimensions and rationale
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• In any design there will be a very large number of decisions to make
• Each decision represents a dimension in multi- dimensional space
• We can’t draw more than two dimensions!
• Parellel co-ordinates is a common visualisation method for high-dimensional data
• We can use them to visualise our design space…
• In any design there will be a very large number of decisions to make
• Each decision represents a dimension in multi- dimensional space
• We can’t draw more than two dimensions!
• Parellel co-ordinates is a common visualisation method for high-dimensional data
• We can use it to visualise our design space…
Parallel coordinates
• Used for visualising multidimensional data
• Each dimension (decision) is represented as a vertical axis, with its values equally spaced along it
• The dimensions are arranged horizonatally, equally spaced
• A single data point is a line that joins its values on each dimension
, “Parallel Coordinates (eagereyes)”, https://eagereyes.org/techniques/parallel-coordinates, 2010 (accessed 18/04/21)
Using Parallel coordinates to visualise Design Space choices
Now we are not confined to representing only two design alternatives in two dimensions
Designing a classroom
wall width, classroom offset, orientation, roof angle… daylight factor, view quality
https://bernalm.gitbooks.io/design-space-construction/content/visualization_and_optimization.html
Questions Options Criteria QOC notation
A more formal way of representing the Design Choice and Design Rationale
– Questions: the key issues/choices of the design
– Options: possible answers to the questions
– Criteria: reasons for arguing for or against the options
Design documentation: design rationale – an HCI example
does not need focussed attention
can be perceived in a noisy environment
How should we represent an alarm?
flashing light
can be perceived immediately
Design documentation: design rationale – an HCI example
does not need focussed attention
can be perceived in a noisy environment
How should we represent an alarm?
flashing light
can be perceived immediately
Design documentation: design rationale – an HCI example
does not need focussed attention (2)
can be perceived in a noisy environment (3)
How should we represent an alarm?
flashing light
can be perceived immediately (1)
Two dimensions of choice
clustered column
100% stacked column
stacked column
stacked line
1×4 (correct)
1×4 (incorrect)
1×4 (%correct)
1×4 (%incorrect)
4×4 (all data)
4×4 (all, as %)
1×1 (%correct)
Representing data choice (6) 4×4 (represented as %)
can read the exact values clearly
clearly shows extent of successes vs failures
which visualisation?
clustered bar (A)
100% stacked column (B)
stacked column (C)
familiar to readers
clearly shows which runner has most successes
clustered bar (A) 100% stacked column (B)
stacked column (C) radar (G)
Representing data choice (6) 4×4 (represented as %)
which visualisation?
can read the exact values clearly
clearly shows extent of successes vs failures
familiar to readers
clearly shows which runner has most successes
Representing data choice (6) 4×4 (represented as %)
which visualisation?
can read the exact values clearly
clearly shows extent of successes vs failures
familiar to readers
clearly shows which runner has most successes
Representing data choice (6) 4×4 (represented as %)
which visualisation?
can read the exact values clearly (2)
clearly shows extent of successes vs failures (1)
clearly shows which runner has most successes (3)
familiar to readers (4)
Design process • What are the design decisions?
• Which combinations are – possible
– impossible
– relevant
– preferable
– under-explored (gap-detection)
• Which options best satisfy our criteria? https://www.slideshare.net/StephenMacNeil1/cocreating-dimensions-and-examples-using-design-space-gaps (extract)
Design Space:
multiple dimensions and rationale
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