PowerPoint Presentation
Advanced Topics
Visuospatial Reasoning
Visuospatial Reasoning
Constraint Propagation
Visuospatial Reasoning
Visuospatial Knowledge: Knowledge wherein causality is, at most, implicit.
Visuospatial Knowledge: Knowledge wherein causality is, at most, implicit.
Shape
name : x
shape : triangle
rotation : 90°
Shape
name : x
shape : triangle
rotation : 270°
Measure
key : G
style : pop
tempo : 90
Measure
key : B
style : pop
tempo : 90
Visuospatial Verbal
Content Appearance:
What and Where Arbitrary:
Driven by Inferential Needs
Encoding Analogical:
Structural Correspondence Propositional:
No Correspondence
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
unchanged
deleted
C
5
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
t
r
s
inside
above
above
above
unchanged
expanded
deleted
A
B
z
x
y
x
y
z
x
y
z
x
y
C
5
A
B
Systems Thinking
Systems Thinking:
Reasoning about systems with numerous components and processes at multiple, potentially invisible, levels of abstraction.
Today, an extremely serious earthquake of magnitude 8.5 hit Lower Slabovia, killing 25 people and causing $500 million in damage. The President of Lower Slabovia said that the hard-hit area near the Sadie Hawkins fault has been a danger zone for years.
Write a frame representation of this story on the right.
Today, the President of Lower Slabovia killed 25 proposals totaling $500 million for research in earthquake prediction. Our Lower Slabovian correspondent calculates that 8.5 research proposals are rejected for every one approved. There are rumors that the President’s science advisor, Sadie Hawkins, is at fault.
Restaurant Script
Script
script : restaurant
track : formal dining
props : tables, menu, check,
money, F = food, P = place
roles : S = customer, W = waiter,
C = cook, M = cashier,
O = owner
entry : S is hungry, S has money
result : S has less money,
O has more money,
S is not hungry,
S is pleased
scenes :
Hypothesis Space
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
…
HN
Data Space
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
…
DN
Abstract
Map
Refine
Treatment Space
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
…
TN
Design
Design & Creativity
Configuration
Diagnosis
Creativity
Design
Design Thinking:
Reasoning about ill-defined, unconstrained, open problems that are situated in the world.
Chair Legs
count : 4
size : 25g
material : wood
cost : $5.00
Chair Seat
size : 50g
material : metal
cost : $5.00
Chair Arms
size : 50g
material : metal
cost : $5.00
Chair Back
size : 50g
material : metal
cost : $5.00
Materials Table
Material Cost per gram
Plastic $0.01
Wood $0.05
Metal $0.10
Chair
mass : 250g
cost : $20
legs :
seat :
arms :
back :
Order:
A chair that weighs over 200g, costs at most $20 to make, and has 4 legs.
Image credit:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chair_4a.jpg
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Creativity
What is creativity?
Please also post your answer on the class forum.
A non-obvious, desirable product.
Something is creative
if it is…
Novel
Valuable
Unexpected
Some other processes of creativity:
Emergence
Re-representation
Serendipity
For each of the following tasks, mark the box if successful completion of a task would mean that the agent is creative.
ο Performing well on Raven’s Progressive Matrices
ο Solving the stacked blocks problem
ο Configuring a chair based on input parameters
ο Diagnosing an illness in a patient
ο Designing a route to a new destination
ο Correctly classifying new types of animals
ο Using a chair to prop open a door
ο Deciding between multiple strategies for a problem
ο Designing a new car based on a new fuel source
Do you agree with David’s assessment that none of these results are creative because we can trace through the underlying process that led to them?
ο Yes, because in order for a result to be creative, it must be novel, and output of an algorithm cannot be novel.
ο Yes, because given a set of input, the output will always be the same; therefore, the product can never be unexpected.
ο No, because it defines creativity in terms of the output rather than the process.
ο No, because under this definition, humans are only considered creative because we don’t know how the brain works yet.
AI Ethics
Visuospatial Reasoning: Reasoning wherein causality is, at most, implicit.
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