# graphicsUtils.py
# —————-
# Licensing Information: Please do not distribute or publish solutions to this
# project. You are free to use and extend these projects for educational
# purposes. The Pacman AI projects were developed at UC Berkeley, primarily by
# John DeNero ( .edu) and Dan Klein ( .edu).
# For more info, see http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs188/sp09/pacman.html
import sys
import math
import random
import string
import time
import types
import tkinter
_Windows = sys.platform == ‘win32’ # True if on Win95/98/NT
_root_window = None # The root window for graphics output
_canvas = None # The canvas which holds graphics
_canvas_xs = None # Size of canvas object
_canvas_ys = None
_canvas_x = None # Current position on canvas
_canvas_y = None
_canvas_col = None # Current colour (set to black below)
_canvas_tsize = 12
_canvas_tserifs = 0
def formatColor(r, g, b):
return ‘#%02x%02x%02x’ % (int(r * 255), int(g * 255), int(b * 255))
def colorToVector(color):
return [int(x, 16) / 256.0 for x in [color[1:3], color[3:5], color[5:7]]]
if _Windows:
_canvas_tfonts = [‘times new roman’, ‘lucida console’]
else:
_canvas_tfonts = [‘times’, ‘lucidasans-24’]
# XXX need defaults here
def sleep(secs):
global _root_window
if _root_window == None:
time.sleep(secs)
else:
_root_window.update_idletasks()
_root_window.after(int(1000 * secs), _root_window.quit)
_root_window.mainloop()
def begin_graphics(width=640, height=480, color=formatColor(0, 0, 0), title=None):
global _root_window, _canvas, _canvas_x, _canvas_y, _canvas_xs, _canvas_ys, _bg_color
# Check for duplicate call
if _root_window is not None:
# Lose the window.
_root_window.destroy()
# Save the canvas size parameters
_canvas_xs, _canvas_ys = width – 1, height – 1
_canvas_x, _canvas_y = 0, _canvas_ys
_bg_color = color
# Create the root window
_root_window = tkinter.Tk()
_root_window.protocol(‘WM_DELETE_WINDOW’, _destroy_window)
_root_window.title(title or ‘Graphics Window’)
_root_window.resizable(0, 0)
# Create the canvas object
try:
_canvas = tkinter.Canvas(_root_window, width=width, height=height)
_canvas.pack()
draw_background()
_canvas.update()
except:
_root_window = None
raise
# Bind to key-down and key-up events
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_root_window.bind( “
_clear_keys()
_leftclick_loc = None
_rightclick_loc = None
_ctrl_leftclick_loc = None
def _leftclick(event):
global _leftclick_loc
_leftclick_loc = (event.x, event.y)
def _rightclick(event):
global _rightclick_loc
_rightclick_loc = (event.x, event.y)
def _ctrl_leftclick(event):
global _ctrl_leftclick_loc
_ctrl_leftclick_loc = (event.x, event.y)
def wait_for_click():
while True:
global _leftclick_loc
global _rightclick_loc
global _ctrl_leftclick_loc
if _leftclick_loc != None:
val = _leftclick_loc
_leftclick_loc = None
return val, ‘left’
if _rightclick_loc != None:
val = _rightclick_loc
_rightclick_loc = None
return val, ‘right’
if _ctrl_leftclick_loc != None:
val = _ctrl_leftclick_loc
_ctrl_leftclick_loc = None
return val, ‘ctrl_left’
sleep(0.05)
def draw_background():
corners = [(0,0), (0, _canvas_ys), (_canvas_xs, _canvas_ys), (_canvas_xs, 0)]
polygon(corners, _bg_color, fillColor=_bg_color, filled=True, smoothed=False)
def _destroy_window(event=None):
sys.exit(0)
# global _root_window
# _root_window.destroy()
# _root_window = None
#print “DESTROY”
def end_graphics():
global _root_window, _canvas, _mouse_enabled
try:
try:
sleep(1)
if _root_window != None:
_root_window.destroy()
except SystemExit as e:
print(‘Ending graphics raised an exception:’, e)
finally:
_root_window = None
_canvas = None
_mouse_enabled = 0
_clear_keys()
def clear_screen(background=None):
global _canvas_x, _canvas_y
_canvas.delete(‘all’)
draw_background()
_canvas_x, _canvas_y = 0, _canvas_ys
def polygon(coords, outlineColor, fillColor=None, filled=1, smoothed=1, behind=0, width=1):
c = []
for coord in coords:
c.append(coord[0])
c.append(coord[1])
if fillColor == None: fillColor = outlineColor
if filled == 0: fillColor = “”
poly = _canvas.create_polygon(c, outline=outlineColor, fill=fillColor, smooth=smoothed, width=width)
if behind > 0:
_canvas.tag_lower(poly, behind) # Higher should be more visible
return poly
def square(pos, r, color, filled=1, behind=0):
x, y = pos
coords = [(x – r, y – r), (x + r, y – r), (x + r, y + r), (x – r, y + r)]
return polygon(coords, color, color, filled, 0, behind=behind)
def circle(pos, r, outlineColor, fillColor, endpoints=None, style=’pieslice’, width=2):
x, y = pos
x0, x1 = x – r – 1, x + r
y0, y1 = y – r – 1, y + r
if endpoints == None:
e = [0, 359]
else:
e = list(endpoints)
while e[0] > e[1]: e[1] = e[1] + 360
return _canvas.create_arc(x0, y0, x1, y1, outline=outlineColor, fill=fillColor,
extent=e[1] – e[0], start=e[0], style=style, width=width)
def image(pos, file=”../../blueghost.gif”):
x, y = pos
# img = PhotoImage(file=file)
return _canvas.create_image(x, y, image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=file), anchor = tkinter.NW)
def refresh():
_canvas.update_idletasks()
def moveCircle(id, pos, r, endpoints=None):
global _canvas_x, _canvas_y
x, y = pos
# x0, x1 = x – r, x + r + 1
# y0, y1 = y – r, y + r + 1
x0, x1 = x – r – 1, x + r
y0, y1 = y – r – 1, y + r
if endpoints == None:
e = [0, 359]
else:
e = list(endpoints)
while e[0] > e[1]: e[1] = e[1] + 360
edit(id, (‘start’, e[0]), (‘extent’, e[1] – e[0]))
move_to(id, x0, y0)
def edit(id, *args):
_canvas.itemconfigure(id, **dict(args))
def text(pos, color, contents, font=’Helvetica’, size=12, style=’normal’, anchor=”nw”):
global _canvas_x, _canvas_y
x, y = pos
font = (font, str(size), style)
return _canvas.create_text(x, y, fill=color, text=contents, font=font, anchor=anchor)
def changeText(id, newText, font=None, size=12, style=’normal’):
_canvas.itemconfigure(id, text=newText)
if font != None:
_canvas.itemconfigure(id, font=(font, ‘-%d’ % size, style))
def changeColor(id, newColor):
_canvas.itemconfigure(id, fill=newColor)
def line(here, there, color=formatColor(0, 0, 0), width=2):
x0, y0 = here[0], here[1]
x1, y1 = there[0], there[1]
return _canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, width=width)
##############################################################################
### Keypress handling ########################################################
##############################################################################
# We bind to key-down and key-up events.
_keysdown = {}
_keyswaiting = {}
# This holds an unprocessed key release. We delay key releases by up to
# one call to keys_pressed() to get round a problem with auto repeat.
_got_release = None
def _keypress(event):
global _got_release
#remap_arrows(event)
_keysdown[event.keysym] = 1
_keyswaiting[event.keysym] = 1
# print event.char, event.keycode
_got_release = None
def _keyrelease(event):
global _got_release
#remap_arrows(event)
try:
del _keysdown[event.keysym]
except:
pass
_got_release = 1
def remap_arrows(event):
# TURN ARROW PRESSES INTO LETTERS (SHOULD BE IN KEYBOARD AGENT)
if event.char in [‘a’, ‘s’, ‘d’, ‘w’]:
return
if event.keycode in [37, 101]: # LEFT ARROW (win / x)
event.char = ‘a’
if event.keycode in [38, 99]: # UP ARROW
event.char = ‘w’
if event.keycode in [39, 102]: # RIGHT ARROW
event.char = ‘d’
if event.keycode in [40, 104]: # DOWN ARROW
event.char = ‘s’
def _clear_keys(event=None):
global _keysdown, _got_release, _keyswaiting
_keysdown = {}
_keyswaiting = {}
_got_release = None
def keys_pressed(d_o_e=None,
d_w=tkinter._tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
# def keys_pressed(d_o_e=tkinter.tkinter.dooneevent,
# d_w=tkinter.tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
if d_o_e is None:
d_o_e = _root_window.tk.dooneevent
d_o_e(d_w)
if _got_release:
d_o_e(d_w)
return list(_keysdown.keys())
def keys_waiting():
global _keyswaiting
keys = list(_keyswaiting.keys())
_keyswaiting = {}
return keys
# Block for a list of keys…
def wait_for_keys():
keys = []
while keys == []:
keys = keys_pressed()
sleep(0.05)
return keys
def remove_from_screen(x,
d_o_e=None,
d_w=tkinter._tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
# def remove_from_screen(x,
# d_o_e=tkinter.tkinter.dooneevent,
# d_w=tkinter.tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
if d_o_e is None:
d_o_e = _root_window.tk.dooneevent
_canvas.delete(x)
d_o_e(d_w)
def _adjust_coords(coord_list, x, y):
for i in range(0, len(coord_list), 2):
coord_list[i] = coord_list[i] + x
coord_list[i + 1] = coord_list[i + 1] + y
return coord_list
def move_to(object, x, y=None,
d_o_e=None,
d_w=tkinter._tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
# def move_to(object, x, y=None,
# d_o_e=tkinter.tkinter.dooneevent,
# d_w=tkinter.tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
if d_o_e is None:
d_o_e = _root_window.tk.dooneevent
if y is None:
try: x, y = x
except: raise ValueError(‘incomprehensible coordinates’)
horiz = True
newCoords = []
current_x, current_y = _canvas.coords(object)[0:2] # first point
for coord in _canvas.coords(object):
if horiz:
inc = x – current_x
else:
inc = y – current_y
horiz = not horiz
newCoords.append(coord + inc)
_canvas.coords(object, *newCoords)
d_o_e(d_w)
def move_by(object, x, y=None,
d_o_e=None,
d_w=tkinter._tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
# def move_by(object, x, y=None,
# d_o_e=tkinter.tkinter.dooneevent,
# d_w=tkinter.tkinter.DONT_WAIT):
if d_o_e is None:
d_o_e = _root_window.tk.dooneevent
if y is None:
try: x, y = x
except: raise Exception(‘incomprehensible coordinates’)
horiz = True
newCoords = []
for coord in _canvas.coords(object):
if horiz:
inc = x
else:
inc = y
horiz = not horiz
newCoords.append(coord + inc)
_canvas.coords(object, *newCoords)
d_o_e(d_w)
def writePostscript(filename):
“Writes the current canvas to a postscript file.”
psfile = file(filename, ‘w’)
psfile.write(_canvas.postscript(pageanchor=’sw’,
y=’0.c’,
x=’0.c’))
psfile.close()
ghost_shape = [
(0, – 0.5),
(0.25, – 0.75),
(0.5, – 0.5),
(0.75, – 0.75),
(0.75, 0.5),
(0.5, 0.75),
(- 0.5, 0.75),
(- 0.75, 0.5),
(- 0.75, – 0.75),
(- 0.5, – 0.5),
(- 0.25, – 0.75)
]
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
begin_graphics()
clear_screen()
ghost_shape = [(x * 10 + 20, y * 10 + 20) for x, y in ghost_shape]
g = polygon(ghost_shape, formatColor(1, 1, 1))
move_to(g, (50, 50))
circle((150, 150), 20, formatColor(0.7, 0.3, 0.0), endpoints=[15, – 15])
sleep(2)