CS代写 Inter-Process Communication (IPC): Network Programming using TCP Java Socke

Inter-Process Communication (IPC): Network Programming using TCP Java Sockets
Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems
The University of Melbourne, Australia
http://www.buyya.com

 Introduction
 Networking Basics
 Understanding Ports and Sockets
 Java Sockets
 Implementing a Server  Implementing a Client
 Sample Examples  Conclusions

Introduction
 Internet and WWW have emerged as global ubiquitous media for communication and are changing the way we conduct science, engineering, and commerce
 They are also changing the way we learn, live, enjoy, communicate, interact, engage, work, etc. It appears like the modern life activities are getting completely drive by the Internet

Internet Applications Serving Local and Remote Users
Internet Server
Local Area Network

Increasing Demand for Internet Applications
 To take advantage of opportunities presented by the Internet, businesses are continuously seeking new and innovative ways and means for offering their services via the Internet.
 This created a huge demand for software designers with skills to create new Internet-enabled applications or migrate existing/legacy applications to the Internet platform.
 Object-oriented Java technologies—Sockets, threads, RMI, clustering, Web services—have emerged as leading solutions for creating portable, efficient, and maintainable large and complex Internet applications.

Elements of Client-Server Computing/Communication
a client, a server, and network
 Processes follow protocols that define a set of rules that must be observed by participants:
 How the data exchange is encoded?
 How events (sending, receiving) are synchronized (ordered) so that participants can send and receive data in a coordinated manner?
 In face-to-face communication, humans beings follow unspoken protocols based on eye contact, body language, gesture.

Networking Basics
 Physical/Link Layer
 Functionalities for transmission of signals representing a stream of data from one computer to another
 Internet/Network Layer
 IP (Internet Protocols) – a packet of data to be addressed to a remote computer and delivered
 Transport Layer
 Functionalities for delivering data packets to a specific process on a remote computer
 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
 Programming Interface:
 Applications Layer
 Message exchange between standard or user applications:
 TCP/IPStack
Application (http,ftp,telnet,…)
Transport (TCP, UDP,..)
Internet/Network (IP,..)
Physical/Link (device driver,..)
HTTP, FTP, Telnet, Skype,…

Networking Basics
 TCP (Transmission Control  TCP/IP Stack Protocol) is a connection-
oriented communication
protocol that provides a
reliable flow of data between two computers.
 Analogy:
 Speaking on Phone
 Example applications:
 HTTP,FTP,Telnet
 Skype uses TCP for call signalling, and both UDP and TCP for transporting media traffic.
Application (http,ftp,telnet,…)
Transport (TCP, UDP,..)
Internet/Network (IP,..)
Physical/Link (device driver,..)

Networking Basics
 UDP(UserDatagram Protocol) is a connectionless communication protocol that sends independent packets of data, called datagrams, from one computer to another with no guarantees about arrival or order of arrival
 Similar to sending multiple emails/letters to friends, each containing part of a message.
 Example applications:  Clockserver
 Livestreaming(events/sports broadcasting)
 TCP/IP Stack
Application (http,ftp,telnet,…)
Transport (TCP, UDP,..)
Network (IP,..)
Link (device driver,..)

TCP Vs UDP Communication
 Connection-Oriented Communication …
 Connectionless Communication

Understanding Ports
 The TCP and UDP protocols use ports to map incoming data to a particular process running on a computer.
TCP or UDP
Packet Data

Understanding Ports
 Port is represented by a positive (16-bit) integer value
 Some ports have been reserved to support common/well known services:
 ftp 21/tcp
 telnet 23/tcp
 smtp 25/tcp
 http 80/tcp
 login 513/tcp
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
 User-level processes/services generally use port number value >= 1024

 Sockets provide an interface for programming networks at the transport layer
 Network communication using Sockets is very much similar to performing file I/O
 In fact, socket handle is treated like file handle.
 The streams used in file I/O operation are also applicable to
socket-based I/O
 Socket-based communication is programming language independent.
 That means, a socket program written in Java language can communicate with a program written in Java or non-Java socket programs.

Socket Communication
 A server (program) runs on a specific computer and has a socket that is bound to a specific port. The server waits and listens to the socket for a client to make a connection request.
Connection request

Socket Communication
 If everything goes well, the server accepts the connection. Upon acceptance, the server gets a new socket bounds to a different port. It needs a new socket (consequently a different port number) so that it can continue to listen to the original socket for connection requests while serving the connected client.
Connection

Sockets and Java Socket Classes
 A socket is an endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network.
 A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the application that data destined to be sent.
 Java’s .net package provides two classes:
 Socket – for implementing a client
 ServerSocket – for implementing a server

Java Sockets
ServerSocket(1234)
Socket(“128.250.22.134”, 1234)
Output/write stream Input/read stream
It can be host_name like “clouds.cis.unimelb.edu.au”

Implementing a Server
1. Open the Server Socket:
ServerSocket server; DataOutputStream os; DataInputStream is;
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
2. Wait for the Client Request:
Socket client = server.accept();
3. Create I/O streams for communicating to the client
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() ); os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
4. Perform communication with client
Receive from client: String line = is.readLine(); Send to client: os.writeBytes(“Hello\n”);
5. Close sockets: client.close(); For multithreaded server:
while(true) {
i. wait for client requests (step 2 above)
ii. create a thread with “client” socket as parameter (the thread creates streams (as in step (3) and does communication as stated in (4). Remove thread once service is provided.

Implementing a Client
1. Create a Socket Object:
client = new Socket( server, port_id );
2. Create I/O streams for communicating with the server.
is = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
3. Perform I/O or communication with the server:
 Receive data from the server: String line = is.readLine();
 Send data to the server: os.writeBytes(“Hello\n”);
4. Close the socket when done:
client.close();

A simple server (simplified code)
// SimpleServer.java: a simple server program import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { // Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out);
// Send a string!
dos.writeUTF(“Hi there”);
// Close the connection, but not the server socket dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();

A simple client (simplified code)
// SimpleClient.java: a simple client program import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Open your connection to a server, at port 1234
Socket s1 = new Socket(“clouds.cis.unimelb.edu.au”,1234);
// Get an input file handle from the socket and read the input InputStream s1In = s1.getInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s1In); String st = new String (dis.readUTF()); System.out.println(st);
// When done, just close the connection and exit dis.close();
s1In.close();
s1.close();

 Run Server on mundroo.cs.mu.oz.au  java SimpleServer &
 Run Client on any machine (including mundroo):  java SimpleClient
 If you run client when server is not up:
 sockets [1:147] java SimpleClient
Exception in thread “main” java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.doConnect(PlainSocketImpl.java:320)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(PlainSocketImpl.java:133) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:120)
at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:273)
at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:100)
at SimpleClient.main(SimpleClient.java:6)

Socket Exceptions
Socket client = new Socket(host, port); handleConnection(client);
catch(UnknownHostException uhe) { System.out.println(“Unknown host: ” + host); uhe.printStackTrace();
catch(IOException ioe) {
System.out.println(“IOException: ” + ioe); ioe.printStackTrace();

ServerSocket & Exceptions
 public ServerSocket(int port) throws IOException
 Creates a server socket on a specified port
 A port of 0 creates a socket on any free port. You can use getLocalPort() to identify the (assigned) port on which this socket is listening
 The maximum queue length for incoming connection indications (a request to connect) is set to 50. If a connection indication arrives when the queue is full, the connection is refused
 IOException – if an I/O error occurs when opening the socket
 SecurityException – if a security manager exists and its checkListen method doesn’t allow the operation

Server in Loop: Always up
// SimpleServerLoop.java: a simple server program that runs forever in a single thead import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleServerLoop {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { // Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
while(true)
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out); // Send a string!
dos.writeUTF(“Hi there”);
// Close the connection, but not the server socket dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();

UDP Client: Sends a Message and Gets reply
import java.net.*; import java.io.*;
public class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]){
// args give message contents and server hostname
// “Usage: java UDPClient ” DatagramSocket aSocket = null;
aSocket = new DatagramSocket();
byte [] m = args[0].getBytes();
InetAddress aHost = InetAddress.getByName(args[1]);
int serverPort = 6789; // Or Integer.valueOf(args[2]).intValue() if use args[2] DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(m, args[0].length(), aHost, serverPort); aSocket.send(request);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
DatagramPacket reply = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length); aSocket.receive(reply);
System.out.println(“Reply: ” + new String(reply.getData()));
catch (SocketException e){System.out.println(“Socket: ” + e.getMessage());} catch (IOException e){System.out.println(“IO: ” + e.getMessage());}
if(aSocket != null) aSocket.close();

UDP Sever: repeatedly received a request and sends it back to the client
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class UDPServer{
public static void main(String args[]){ DatagramSocket aSocket = null;
aSocket = new DatagramSocket(6789); // fixed port number byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
while(true){
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
aSocket.receive(request);
DatagramPacket reply = new DatagramPacket(request.getData(), request.getLength(), request.getAddress(), request.getPort());
aSocket.send(reply);
}catch (SocketException e){System.out.println(“Socket: ” + e.getMessage());}
catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(“IO: ” + e.getMessage());} finally {if(aSocket != null) aSocket.close();}

Multithreaded Server: For Serving Multiple Clients Concurrently
Client Process 2
Server Process
Server threads
Client Process 1

 Programming client/server applications in Java is fun and challenging
 Programming socket programming in Java is much easier than doing it in other languages such as C
 TCP for Connection-oriented communication, more reliable, flow control
 UDP for connection-less communication
 Keywords:
 Clients, servers, TCP/IP, port number, sockets, Java

References
 Chapter 13: Socket Programming
 R. Buyya, S. Selvi, X. Chu, “Object Oriented Programming with Java: Essentials and Applications”, McGraw Hill, , India, 2009.
 Sample chapters at book website: http://www.buyya.com/java/

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