COMP 3000 Operating Systems Memory Management (part 1) Lianying Zhao Virtual Memory vs. Physical Memory • We have discussed the abstraction of address space • Each process sees its own memory, with addresses starting from 0 • This is the application’s view • Memory allocation was also from the application’s perspective • There are heap, […]
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COMP 3000 Operating Systems Containerization and Virtualization (part 1) Lianying Zhao More Thinking about the Process Abstraction • Isolation: for reliability (fault containment) and security • Who determines the access?→too coarse-grained • Is it too fine-grained in terms of scope? • Recall the idea of having shared objects (aka dynamic libraries) • To avoid having
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COMP 3000 Operating Systems Inter-Process Communication and Concurrency (part 1) Lianying Zhao Recap: Ways to Pass Data to a Program • Command line arguments • Standard I/O • Files • Network • Pipes (e.g., FIFO) • Here, one end is a process (program) • The other end (which can be a process) represents a third
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COMP 3000 Operating Systems Kernel Modules (part 1) Lianying Zhao When do We Need to Modify the Kernel? • We need to change/improve the kernel functionality • E.g., adding support for new devices, new file systems, and ad-hoc changes • Security • We see some security issue/vulnerability, and addressing it needs kernel support • Recall:
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COMP 3000 Operating Systems File Systems and Storage Management (part 2) Lianying Zhao What is Stored in an inode? • inodes are data structures, so they are real, even for special files • They take space • They are in the file system storage (although there’s an in-memory copy) COMP 3000 (Winter 2021) 2 The
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COMP 3000 Operating Systems The Boot Process Lianying Zhao The Boot Process What happens from when you turn on the power of your computer to when you can log in? What we have: • The CPU • The disk (SSD/HDD/USB…) with the OS files Source: clipartpng.com COMP 3000 (Winter 2021) 2 Firmware • A special
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COMP 3000 Operating Systems Facilities for Users/Programmers Lianying Zhao Talking to the Computer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Connect to the computer • Terminal Log in • Authentication Send commands (run programs) • Shell Control programs Feed data to programs Programs work with OS services COMP 3000 (Winter 2021) 2 What is a Terminal?
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use the notes as pointers to lectures/slides lec12 – concurrency 1 **refer to lec22 p8-13 IPC mechanisms: messaging vs. shared memory unnamed pipes vs. named pipes aka FIFOs (created with mknod/mkfifo) **overhead of messaging: two factors **mmap() – three ways of using it whether we can coordinate interactions between processes lack of atomicy / race
COMP 3000 Operating Systems Security and Additional OS Topics (part 3) Lianying Zhao Software Package Management • Confinement/containment is everywhere, as a common practice • To what extent applications are trusted? • Unmanaged • A centralized repository to install from • snap (limited) • Not much confinement for execution • Also employs a layered file
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Last updated: April 5, 2021 COMP 3000 (WINTER 2021) OPERATING SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 9 Tasks/Questions Carleton University School of Computer Science The purpose of the following questions and tasks is to help you understand how containers work, which is an important artifact on top of and based on modern operating systems. The focus is on the
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