COMP273 McGill 1 Assembler Arithmetic and Memory Access Overview • VariablesinAssembly • AdditionandSubtractioninAssembly • Memory Access in Assembly COMP273 McGill 2 Below Your Program • High-level language program (in C) swap (int v[], int k) { int temp = v[k]; v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; } • Assembly language program (for MIPS) swap: sll […]
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Matrix Multiplication and Cache Friendly Code COMP 273 Winter 2021 – Assignment 4, Prof. Kry Available: 24 March – Due date: 12 April 1 Introduction In this assignment you will write code to multiply two square n × n matrices of single precision floating point numbers, and then optimize the code to exploit a memory
Input/Output: Polling and Interrupts • I/OBackground • Polling • Interrupts Outline Anatomy: 5 components of any Computer Computer Keyboard, Mouse Disk (where programs, data live when not running) Display, Printer Processor (active) Control (“brain”) Datapath (“brawn”) Memory (passive) (where programs, data live when running) Devices Input Output Motivation for Input/Output • I/Oishowhumansinteractwithcomputers • I/O gives
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MIPS/SPIM Reference Card CORE INSTRUCTION SET (INCLUDING PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS) MNE- FOR- MON- MAT IC add addi addiu addu sub subu and andi nor or ori xor xori sll srl sra sllv srlv srav slt slti sltiu sltu beq bne blt bgt ble bge j jal jr jalr move lb lbu lh lhu lui lw li
Low on cache? Caches, Part I Slides from Patterson’s 61C, Fall 2001 • Memory Hierarchy • Direct-Mapped Cache • Types of Cache Misses • A (long) detailed example Outline McGill COMP 273 2 Slides from Patterson’s 61C, Fall 2001 Memory Hierarchy (1/4) • Processor – executes programs – runs on order of nanoseconds to picoseconds
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COMP273 McGill 1 Decisions in MIPS Assembly Language • • All instructions we’ve seen so far allowusto manipulatedata. To build a computer we must have the ability to make decisions. COMP273 McGill 2 Decisions in High-Level Languages • ConditionalStatements:if,if-else,switch • Loops:while,dowhile,for • Equality and Inequalities: == != < > = COMP273 McGill 3 Branches From
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Instruction Representation COMP273 McGill 1 Review (1/2) • Logical and Shift Instructions • Operate on bits individually, unlike arithmetic, which operate on entire word • Use to isolate fields, either by masking or by shifting back and forth • Shift left logical (sll) multiplies by powers of 2 • Shift right arithmetic (sra) divides by
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Instruction Representation 2 McGill COMP273 1 Review • MIPS defines instructions to be same size as data (one word) so that they can use the same memory (can use lw and sw) • Machine Language Instruction: • 32 bits representing a single instruction R I • Computer actually stores programs as a series of these
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Procedures COMP273 McGill 1 á HLL Functions -> MIPS Procedures ± Passing arguments ± Function calls ± The stack ± Nested functions ± Register Conventions á Be aware: ± There are many ways to program ± This might be the most complicated topic in MIPS COMP273 McGill 2 Overview HLL Functions to MIPS Procedure //asimplefunction
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Caches Part II McGill COMP 273 1 slides adapted from Patterson’s 61C Review • We would like to have the capacity of disk at the speed of the processor: unfortunately this is not feasible • So we create a memory hierarchy: – each successively lower level contains “most used” data from next lower level –
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